Diabetes Mellitus
Bates CJ, Lean ME, Mansoor MA, Prentice A
MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
Nutrient intakes; biochemical and risk indices associated with Type 2
diabetes
and glycosylated haemoglobin, in the British National Diet and Nutrition
Survey
of people aged 65 years and over
Diabet Med 2004 Jul;217:677-84
Abstract Aims To characterize nutritional differences between survey
participants diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes; those without diabetes, and
those
with undiagnosed diabetes based on glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c
Subjects and methods The 1994/5 British National Diet and Nutrition Survey,
of
people aged 65 years and over mean age 78 years, included 73 respondents
with
diagnosed Type 2 diabetes [mean sd HbA1c 706 205], and 30 with
undiagnosed diabetes defined as HbA1c 63; mean sd HbA1c 740
166], among a representative sample of 1038 with anthopometry; 4-day
weighed
diet; blood and urine status measurements Results The prevalence of Type 2
diabetes diagnosed undiagnosed was 10 In subjects without diagnosis
of
diabetes, those with HbA1c 63 had on average a significantly higher
body
weight 736 vs 679 kg, higher waist
circumference 998 vs 918 cm,
higher
body mass index 286 vs 259 kg/m2 and higher white cell counts 764
vs
709 x 109/l, than those with mean HbA1c / 63 Diagnosed diabetic
subjects had significantly higher energy-adjusted intakes of protein,
fibre,
vitamins and minerals than those not in this category P 001 In
contrast,
those with undiagnosed diabetes HbA1c 63 were nutritionally at
risk,
having low plasma concentrations of lycopene 013 vs 024 micro mol/l
and
high density lipoprotein cholesterol 099 vs 127 micro mol/l and a
trend
towards low vitamin C 24 vs 36 micro mol/l which was significant P
001
for men HbA1c was positively correlated with white cell count, plasma
fasting
triglycerides, plasma alkaline phosphatase and homocysteine all P 001
overall, being particularly striking amongst men Conclusions Among older
British citizens, those with diagnosed diabetes had healthier nutritional
profiles than those undiagnosed with high HbA1c Important health-
promoting
benefits are therefore predicted following early diagnosis and nutritional
advice for people with Type 2 diabetes Diabet Med 2004
Ylonen K, Alfthan G, Groop L, Saloranta C, Aro A, Virtanen SM
Department of Applied
Chemistry and Microbiology, Division of Nutrition,
University of Helsinki, Finland ylonen@helsinkifi
Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols in
relation to glucose metabolism in subjects at high risk of type 2 diabetes:
the
Botnia Dietary Study
Am J Clin Nutr 2003 Jun;776:1434-41
BACKGROUND: The role of antioxidants in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
is
uncertain OBJECTIVE: We evaluated cross-sectional relations of dietary
intakes
and plasma concentrations of antioxidants with glucose metabolism in a high-
risk
population DESIGN: The subjects were 81 male and 101 female first- and
second-degree, nondiabetic relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes
Antioxidant intake data were based on 3-d food records Subjects taking
supplements containing beta-carotene or alpha-tocopherol were excluded
Plasma
antioxidant concentrations were measured by HPLC By using multiple linear
regression analysis and adjusting for demographic, anthropometric, and
lifestyle
covariates, we studied whether dietary and plasma alpha- and beta-carotene,
lycopene, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol were related to fasting and 2-h
concentrations of glucose and nonesterified fatty
acids during an
oral-glucose-tolerance test, to the homeostasis model assessment index of
insulin resistance, and to measures of beta cell function incremental 30-
min
serum insulin concentration during an oral-glucose-tolerance test and
first-phase insulin secretion during an intravenous-glucose-tolerance
test
RESULTS: In men, dietary carotenoids were inversely associated with fasting
plasma glucose concentrations P 005, plasma beta-carotene
concentrations
were inversely associated with insulin resistance P 0003, and dietary
lycopene was directly related to baseline serum concentrations of
nonesterified
fatty acids P 0034 In women, dietary alpha-tocopherol and plasma
beta-carotene concentrations were inversely and directly associated,
respectively, with fasting plasma glucose concentrations P 005 In
both
sexes, cholesterol-adjusted alpha-tocopherol concentrations were directly
associated with 2-h plasma glucose concentrations P 005 CONCLUSION:
The
data suggest an advantageous association of carotenoids, which are markers
of
fruit and vegetable intake, with glucose metabolism in men at high risk of
type
2 diabetes
Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH, Brown DW
Division of Adult and
Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention,
Atlanta, Georgia
The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations: findings from the
third
national health and nutrition examination survey
Diabetes 2003 Sep;529:2346-52
Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and
cardiovascular disease, but little is known about antioxidant status among
individuals with the metabolic syndrome who are at high risk for developing
these conditions Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey 1988-1994, we compared circulating concentrations of
vitamins A, C, and E; retinyl esters; five carotenoids; and selenium in
8,808
US adults aged / BORDER020 years with and without the metabolic
syndrome After adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education,
smoking
status, cotinine concentration, physical activity, fruit and vegetable
intake,
and vitamin or mineral use, participants with the metabolic syndrome had
significantly lower concentrations of retinyl esters, vitamin C, and
carotenoids, except lycopene With additional adjustment for serum
lipid
concentrations, vitamin E concentrations were significantly lower in
participants with the metabolic syndrome than those without the syndrome
Retinol concentrations were similar between the two groups After excluding
participants with diabetes, the results were very similar Consumption of
fruits
and vegetables was also lower among people with the metabolic syndrome
Adults
with the metabolic syndrome have suboptimal concentrations of several
antioxidants, which may partially explain their increased risk for diabetes
and
cardiovascular disease
Source:lycopene.org
