The two main types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 occurs when the body does not for 5-10% of all diabetes cases and primarily affects children …
Tioga County, Pennsylvania
Diabetes Facts
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a health condition where the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin adequately enough to change glucose, or sugars, into energy that the body needs The two main types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2 Type 1 occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin It accounts for 5-10 of all diabetes cases and primarily affects children and adolescents Type 2 occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or when it cannot process insulin properly It accounts for 90-95 of all diabetes cases and primarily affects adults While there is no cure for either type, both can be treated and the onset of type 2 may be prevented or prolonged
How many people have diabetes?
Approximately 11 million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes Another 6 million are estimated to have diabetes but have not been diagnosed In 1995 the percent of Tioga County adults with diabetes was much higher than the state and nation Since then, the percent of adults with diabetes has decreased while state and national levels have increased
Percent
Percent of adults who report being diagnosed with diabetes
10
8 6 4 2 0 1995 2000 84 57 44 78
71 61
Tioga County Pennsylvania United States
Includes types 1 and 2
Percent of Tioga County adults diagnosed with diabetes, by subgroups
Education
No HS Diploma HS Diploma Some College 119 97 36
What are the risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes?
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include genetic predisposition, older age, inactivity and obesity Consistent with state and national rates, older adults, those without a high school diploma and those who are overweight or obese in Tioga County are much more likely to have diabetes
Age
18-39 40-64 65 17 85 150
Weight
Healthy Weight 42 Overweight or Obese 97 BMI 25, BMI 25
Are there any complications associated with diabetes?
While diabetes can be treated with exercise, diet, medication and/or insulin, this chronic disease contributes to impaired quality of life and substantial disability Those with diabetes are at a greater risk fo 
r heart attacks, strokes, eye problems and blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage
Percent
80 60 40 20 0
Percent of Tioga County adults who answered yes to the question, Has a health care provider told you that you had/have the following? 2000
698 629
295 153
35
289
237 85
215 90
High Blood Heart Attack High Blindness/ Limited Use of Arm/Leg Pressure Cholesterol Trouble Seeing
Persons with diabetes
Persons who do not have diabetes
Average Annual Age-Adjusted Diabetes Death Rate
50 40 Percent 30 20 10 0 1997-1999 1998-2000 1999-2001 2000-2002 257 249 254 435 414 453 357 253
How many people die from diabetes?
Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death at the county, state and national levels Over 70,000 Americans died from diabetes in 2001 While the average annual age-adjusted death rate for diabetes in Tioga County is higher than the state, it gradually declining
Tioga County
Pennsylvania
Per 100,000 / 2000 Standard Population
Actions To Encourage Healthier Living for Those With or at Risk of Developing Diabetes:
Quit smoking, if you have not done so already Pennsylvania provides a free quit line to encourage smokers who want to quit The number is 1-877-724-1090 Reduce fat intake while increasing intake of fruits and vegetables Read food labels for nutritional information and be aware of portion sizes Serving size of fruit/ vegetables equals cup Serving size of meat is approximately the size of a deck of cards Make
physical activity a priority and make it a part of daily routine Find ways to reduce stress and ways of coping with unavoidable stress See your physician or other health care provider regularly
Data for this fact sheet were taken from the following sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Tioga County Health Surveys and the American Diabetes Association For further information regarding this fact sheet, please call 570 662 - 4767 or email lshelham@mansfieldedu Leslie S Shelhamer MA, Health Data Analyst December 2004
Source:research.va.gov
