Signs of diabetes are frequent thirst or hunger, diagnosed diabetes has grown rapidly in. Oklahoma as well as the United States …

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Section III: Health Prevalence
Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease that occurs when the body fails to regulate glucose levels in the blood appropriately Signs of diabetes are frequent thirst or hunger, frequent urination, feeling tired or no energy, slow healing cuts or sores, blurred
4 vision, dry, and itchy skin Some of the risk factors of diabetes are older age,

In 2005, as many as 17 states have reported greater than 80 diabetes prevalence Not a single state was below 40

lack of exercise, overweight or obesity, poor diet, race / ethnicity, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol
The BRFSS asked respondents Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have diabetes? with four response categories: 1 Yes, 2 Yes, but female told only during pregnancy, 3 No, 4 prediabetes or borderline diabetes In this report, only the first category of responses were tabulated and shown in the following paragraphs Prevalence of reported diagnosed diabetes has grown rapidly in Oklahoma
as well as the United States during the past 16 years Figure III1 In the 1990s, at least 16 states reported a low diabetes rate of 2039 All states, except for Alaska, have reported at least a
4

4059 diagnosed diabetes rate since 2000 Furthermore, 28 states reported over 60 diabetes prevalence, mainly in the eastern and southern states In 2005, the diabetes prevalence nearly doubled the average rate in the 90s As many as 17 states have reported greater than 80 diabetes prevalence, and not a single state was below 40 In Oklahoma, the diabetes prevalence has more than doubled from 40 to 89 between 1988 2005 Figure III2 The US diabetes prevalence In 2005, Oklahoma ranked 7th highest for the population diabetes rate in the nation and DC An estimated 238,000 or 89 Oklahoma adults reported diagnosed diabetes

More than 20 million Americans have diabetes, but about 62 million people nearly one in three do not know they have the disease4 Check out the diabetes risk test, available at: http://www diabetesorg/risk-testjsp

Oklahoma Diabetes Surveillance Report can be found at: http://wwwhealthstateokus/ program/cds/surveillancediabeteshtml

Oklahoma BRFSS

Figure
III1 Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes, US 1990 Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes, US 1995

Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes, US 2000

Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes, US 2005

Oklahoma BRFSS

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Figure III2

rate increased nearly 50 from 19902005, while Oklahoma numbers increased nearly 73 during that same period

Adults Reporting Diagnosed Diabetes, US and Oklahoma, 19882005 US and Oklahoma, 19882005
US OK

1 0
th In 2005, Oklahoma ranked 7 highest in the

8 6 4 2 0

nation and DC for the population of adults reported being diagnosed with diabetes, with an estimated 238,000 or 89 In addition, nearly 92 of adults diagnosed with diabetes were currently taking medicine for their high blood pressure

No US data for 1988 1989

Figure III3 Men and Women Ages 18 Reporting Diagnosed Diabetes, Oklahoma 19882005
1 0
M en Wo men

Diabetes and Gender From 19881997, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was higher among female adults than males Figure III3 However, the trend in the most recent years has
changed Since 1988, the prevalence of diabetes among male adults has increased sixfold, from 15 to 93

Prevalence

8 6 4 2 0

Figure III4

In 2005, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among male adults was slightly higher than the female adults, 93 vs 86, respectively Figure III3 This number did not include nearly 1 of female adults who had diabetes during pregnancy only

Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes, by Age, Oklahoma 2005

Prevalence

20 1 5 1 0 5 0
1834 3564 65 25 95 189

Oklahoma BRFSS

Adults Reporting Diagnosed Diabetes, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III5 By Education and Annual Household Income
College Some college High school Less than HS 75,000 50,000 74,999 25,000 49,999 15,000 24,999 Less t han 15,000
49 73 93 98 145 72 84 103 98

Diabetes and Age Diabetes is closely associated with aging As Oklahoma adults became older, the reported diagnosed diabetes prevalence became higher Nearly one in five elders aged 65 reported being diagnosed with diabetes, as did one in ten middle aged adults Figure III4

incomes, 49 Figure III5 After age was statistically accounted for, annual household income remained
significantly associated with diabetes, but not for education levels

Diabetes, Race and Ethnicity In 2005, American Indian NH and Multicultural NH adults were approximately twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes than Caucasian NH Figure III6 Hispanics were at the lowest risk for diagnosed diabetes, 51

1 0

Diabetes, Education and Household Income Diabetes disparities existed among education and annual household income levels The higher the education and annual household income levels, the less likely adults were to report diagnosed diabetes Adults who completed high school, were 431 more likely to report

Prevalence
Figure III6 By Race and Ethnicity Ethnicity, OK 2005
20 Prevalence 15 10 5 0
81 1 4 1 1 48 51
M ult icul

Diabetes and Marital Status Widowed adults, who were older than adults in most other marital status, were highest at risk for diagnosed diabetes, 171, while never been married and member of unmarried couple groups which consisted of mainly young adults were the least at risk for diabetes, 3940 Figure III7 Divorced adults were 278 more likely than married adults to report diagnosed diabetes

1 57

Caucasian Af ricanA m A mIndian Hispanic

Figure III7 By Marital Status

diagnosed diabetes than college graduates, 103 vs 72, respectively
90 115 171 77

Marr ied Divor ced Widowed Separat ed Never been mar r ied

Oklahoma adults with the lowest income less than 15,000 reported the highest diabetes prevalence, 145, and tripled the

Member of unmar r ied c ouple 39

1 0

Pre vale nce

rate for adults with the highest

Oklahoma BRFSS

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Diabetes and Employment Status Nearly one in four adults unable to work
Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III8 By Employment Status

and one in five retired adults reported diagnosed diabetes Out of work adults were 16 times more likely to report diabetes than adults employed for wages Figure III8 Out of work adults were 16 times more Diabetes and Health Insurance Health care access is essential for adults with diabetes and a key measure of health care access is the availability of health insurance coverage In
2005, Oklahoma adults who had health insurance coverage were two times more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes, 100, as compared to 51 for those who had no health plan Figure III9 likely to report diabetes than adults employed for wages

Unable t o work Ret ir ed A st udent 36 A homemak er Out of work 0 year Self empl oy ed 76 84 58

236 197

Empl oy ed f or wages 51

2 0

3 0

Prevalence

Figure III9 By Health Plan Status
12

Prevalence

9 6 3 0 Healthplan No_Healthplan
100 51

Diabetes and Risk Factors Modification of risk factors such as poor eating habits, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol can substantially reduce the risk of diabetes Adults with diabetes were nearly three times higher in reported high blood pressure, nearly twice as high in reported high blood cholesterol HighChol, and 15 times in no leisure time physical activity

Oklahoma BRFSS

than adults with no diabetes Figure III10 The prevalence of smoking was In 2005, Oklahoma adults who reported diagnosed diabetes were twice as likely to be obese than overweight 166 vs 81 Diabetes also
increases the risk for complications in cardiovascular diseases Adults with diabetes were 15 times more likely to report no leisure time physical activity than their counterparts without diabetes Adults with diabetes were nearly five times higher in reported angina and heart attack, and over three times higher in reported stroke, than those with no diabetes Figure III11 Diabetes and Weight In 2005, obese and overweight adults had a higher prevalence of diabetes, 166 and 81, respectively, than normal weight adults, 42 Additionally, adults with diagnosed diabetes were twice as likely to be obese than overweight
Figure III10 Prevalence of Selected Risk Factors among Adults with or without Diabetes, Oklahoma 2005
80 Prevalence 60 40 20 0
262 701 344

Figure III11 Risk Factors for Complications among Adults with or without Diabetes, Oklahoma 2005
w ith or w itho ut Diabe te s 20 Prevalence 15 10 5 0
37 N o diabetes D iabet es 40 N o diabet es D iabetes 29 N o diabet es D iabetes 179 1 88 100

significantly higher among adults with no diabetes than their older counterparts who were more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes though the
majority of smokers were younger adults Figure III10

A ngina

H eart A tt ac k

Stro k e

Across the years, obesity rates rose Figure III12 similar to diagnosed diabetes Since 1994, prevalence of obesity among adults with diabetes has increased about 64

640 292

442 256 202

Diabetes and Eye Exam In 20022004, Oklahoma adults who reported diagnosed diabetes were asked

B P High

HighCho l

No Leisure Time P A

Smoking

When was the last time you had eye exam in which the pupils were dilated? This

Oklahoma BRFSS

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would have made you temporarily sensitive to bright light Respondents were given three choices: 1 less than twelve months, 2 one year to less than two years, 3 greater than two years or never Twenty percent of adults with diagnosed diabetes chose greater than two years or never Figure III13 Adults with diabetes who reported eye exam greater than two years or never were similar by gender, female, 206, versus male, 200 younger, ages 1834, 396 more likely to be Hispanics, 407
and did not have health insurance coverage, 392
Figure III12 Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes by Weight Categories, Oklahoma 19922003
One to less than 2 years 1 27 Less than o ne year 670 M o re than 2 years or never 203

Figure III13
Reported Eye Exam am ong Adults Reported Eye Exam among Adults with w ith Diagnosed Diabetes, Oklahoma Diagnosed Diabetes, 20022004 Oklahoma 20022004

Adults with diabetes who reported eye exam greater than two years or never were similar by gender, female, 206, versus male, 200; younger, ages 18-34, 396; more likely to be Hispanics, 407; and did not have health insurance coverage, 392

12 Prevalence 10 8 6 4 2 0
14 16 18

normal

overweight

obesity

48 26 24 15 31 33 37 40

21 14 15 14 13 16 12 16 16 14 19 15

24 21 15

26 16

28 15

31 15

33 17

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Data were 5year averages

Oklahoma BRFSS

Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease CVD involves all types of diseases of the heart and blood vessels Common types of CVD are angina, stroke, and heart attack Over
5 147,000 Americans
killed by CVD are under age 65

Heart disease and stroke are the first and In 2005, the Oklahomas 98 was nearly 210 higher than national median, 81 third leading causes of death in Oklahoma In 2001, an estimated 10,840, 310, deaths were due to heart disease and 2,380, 7, deaths resulted from stroke Oklahoma BRFSS has monitored CVD diagnosis and its risk factors since 1997 Three CVD questions included in the survey were: Has a doctor ever told you that you had a heart attack, also called a
Figure III14 Adults Reporting Diagnosed CVD, US and Oklahoma, 19972005
12
US OK
6

The prevalence of reported diagnosed CVD in Oklahoma has increased over 42 from 94 in 1999 to 98 in 2005 Figure III14 For the past years, the national CVD averages could not be determined because only a few states included this item in their survey as an optional module In 2005, however, these three items were shifted to the core module Hence, a national CVD average was made possible as a baseline for comparison In 2005, the Oklahomas 98 was nearly 210 higher than national median, 81
th Oklahoma ranked 7 highest in the nation and

myocardial infarction? Has a doctor ever told you
that you had angina or coronary heart disease? Has a doctor ever told you that you had a stroke? Since 2001, CDC has expanded the questions to include

DC for the prevalence of CVD diagnosis in the adult population

8 4 0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

CVD and Gender The prevalence of CVD was 33 higher among males, 113, as compared to females, 84 In addition, males were substantially more at risk for CVD than females after age 50 Figure III15 Females, however, had a slightly higher prevalence of CVD than males prior to 45 years of age

diagnosis from a nurse or other health professional

No data for 1998, 2002 and 2003 US data only for 2005

This report combined these three questions under CVD because the sample sizes for heart attack, angina and stroke were too small to provide accurate results if reported separately

Oklahoma BRFSS

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Figure III15 Males and Females Reporting Diagnosed CVD, by Age, Oklahoma 2005
M ale Female

education level, 157, compared to the
college graduates, 67 Adults with the least household income were over three times more likely to report CVD, 176, than their wealthiest peers, 48 Figure III16

Prevalence

50 40 30 20 10 0

CVD and Race/ Ethnicity Disparities existed among race/ ethnic groups for diagnosed CVD Multicultural Males were more at risk for CVD than females after age 50 Females, however, had a higher prevalence of CVD than
Figure III16 Adults with CVD by Education and Annual Household Income Level, Oklahoma 2005

CVD and Age Age is a risk factor for CVD At ages 4550, one in 20 adults reported diagnosed CVD rates then rapidly increased One in six adults ages 5560 were diagnosed with CVD by the ages 7580, one in three adults reported CVD In addition, the rates for older males were substantially higher than older females Figure III15

NH adults reported the highest prevalence

males prior to ages 45

Colleg e So me co llege Hig h scho ol Less than HS

67 92 101 157 48 53 93 114 176

CVD, Education and Household Income
75,0 0 0

The risk for CVD was over two times higher among Oklahoma adults with the lowest

50,00 0 74,99 9 2 5,0 0 0 4 9,99 9 15,0 0 0 2
4,99 9

Detailed Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in Oklahoma can be found at: http://www healthstateokus/program/cds/cvdhtml

Less than 15,00 0

1 5

P rev a le nc e

Oklahoma BRFSS

of diagnosed CVD, 166, and Hispanics reported the lowest, 41 These rates were influenced by age as Hispanics had a larger proportion of young adults aged 18 34 than Multicultural NH, 569 vs 239, respectively In addition, Multicultural NH Multicultural NH adults reported the highest prevalence of diagnosed CVD, 166, and Hispanics reported the lowest, 41 CVD and Marital Status Widows, consisting of 759 elders aged 65, reported the largest proportion of diagnosed CVD, followed by one in eight divorcees, and one in 11 married adults in Oklahoma in 2005 Figure III18 Adults who had never been married had the least CVD diagnosis likely because 828 of them were young adults aged 1834 were nearly twice as likely to report diagnosed CVD than Caucasian NH Figure III17

Adults Reporting Diagnosed CVD, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III17 By Race / Ethnicity
20 Prevalence 15 10 5 0
Caucasian Af ricanA m AmIndian 96 100 1 21 41 Hispanic M ulticul 166

Figure
III18 Diagnosed CVD by Marital By Marital Status Status, OK 2005
M ar r ie d Di v o r c e d Wid owe d S ep a r at e d 8 5 9 4 12 8 2 60

Nev er be en m ar r ie d 2 9 M em be r o f u n m ar r i ed c ou pl e 50

P r e v a le n c e

CVD and Employment Status Prevalence of diagnosed CVD was highest among adults who selfreported that they were unable to work, 334, followed by the retired persons, 259 Figure III19 In addition, nearly 76 of the former group were between ages 3564, while nearly 80 of the latter group were in ages 65

Employment Status By Employment Status OK 2005
Unab le to work Ret ired A homemaker Out o f work 0yrs Self emplo yed
71 71 83 334 259

Figure III19

Emplo yed fo r wages 36

1 0

P re v a le nc e

Oklahoma BRFSS

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CVD and Geographical Regions CVD differences existed by geographical locations The highest proportions of adults reporting diagnosed CVD were in the Eastern regions: Southeast, 128 and Northeast, 115 Figure
III20

2005, Oklahoma adults ages 50 with diagnosed CVD were slightly more likely to be overweight or obese, 694 than those without CVD, 657 Figure III21

Figure III20 Adults with Diagnosed CVD by Region, Oklahoma 2005

Drinking

Adults ages 50 with diagnosed CVD among adults ages 50, Risk Factors and Lifestyle Habits The following section examines the prevalence of diagnosed CVD among adults ages 50 by risk factors, such as obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking Doctors suggest a balanced diet and
Prevalence

CVD were slightly lower in reported drinking than those without CVD Adults ages 50 with no CVD were 91 higher in reported binge drinking, and 500 higher in reported chronic drinking than adults with CVD Figure III22
Risk Factors by CVD among Adults Ages 50, Oklahoma 2005
A dult s A ge d 18 R e po rt ing Figure III21 D ia gno s e d C V D by We ight , O K Weight Category by CVD 2 0 0 5
No rmal Overweig ht o r Obese

nutrition, exercise and routine medical checkups as good lifestyle habits for CVD prevention and management Daily moderate to vigorous physical activity up to 30 minutes helps strengthen the heart
7 and keep the
body healthy

Smoking

60 40 20 0
With CVD No CVD 3 06 69 4 3 43 657

The prevalence of currently smoking daily or some day were slightly higher for adults ages 50 with CVD than those without CVD, 186 vs 178, respectively Figure III23

Adults Reporting Diagnosed Figure III22 CVD by Drinking Risk Prevalence of Drinking by CVD Factors, OK 2005
5
B ing e d rinking Chronic Drinking

Weight Categories
4 3 2 1 0

Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for CVD In

4 4 16 With CV D

4 8 2 4

No CVD

Please note that it is not possible to know if some risk factors reported for CVD were present prior to CVD or if they have been modified as a result of CVD The results should be interpreted with caution Oklahoma BRFSS

Exercise

high among adults ages 50 with CVD than those without CVD the prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure were over 50 higher among the former group than the latter Figure III25

Oklahoma BRFSS 2005 data suggested that adults ages 50 with CVD were two times more likely to report no leisure time physical activity, 668, compared to those with no CVD, 332
Figure III24

Oklahoma BRFSS 2005 data suggested that adults ages 50 with CVD were two times more likely to report no leisure time physical activity, 668, compared to those with no CVD, 332

Fruits and Vegetable Intake

CVD and Aspirin intake When this item Do you take aspirin daily or every other day? was asked in 2005, 681 of adults with diagnosed CVD took an aspirin, compared to adults without CVD, 217 Based on the criteria recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force 2002, 429 of men over 40 years of age took an aspirin, compared to women over 50 years, 417

Adults ages 50 with CVD were almost similar in percentage of fruits and vegetables consumption of five or more servings daily than those without CVD Figure III24

CVD and Health Issues CVD is also associated with high blood
5 pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes In

2005, the prevalence of diabetes was twice as

Figure III23 Adults Reporting Diagnosed CVD by Drink ing Risk Prevalence of Current Smoking by Factors, OK 2005 CVD, Oklahoma 2005
20

Figure III24 Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Behaviors by CVD, Oklahoma 2005
Leisure Time Physical Inactivity 5 servings of fruits vege
perday

Prevalence

1 5 1 0 5 0
Wit h CVD No CVD 186 178

60 40
668

20
175

332

184

0
Wit h CVD No CVD

Oklahoma BRFSS

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CVD and Rehabilitation The following items were only asked to adults with heart attack and stroke, to determine if they received outpatient rehabilitation When Oklahoma adults who reported a heart attack were asked: After you left the hospital following your heart attack, did you go to any kind of outpatient rehabilitation?

Figure III25 Prevalence of Diagnosed Health Diseases among Adults Ages 50 by CVD, Oklahoma 2005
80

Prevalence

60 40 20 0
702 756 470 299 137 473

Wit h CVD

No CVD

Nearly one in four, 232, said they did When Oklahoma adults who had a stroke were asked: After you left the hospital following your stroke did you go to any kind of outpatient rehabilitation? Onefourth, 246, said they did

Nearly half, 429, of men over 40 years of age took an aspirin, compared to women over 50 years, 417

Oklahoma BRFSS

High Blood
Pressure
High blood pressure HBP, or hypertension, is a condition in which the arterial pressure is higher than a standard measure, ie, systolic blood pressure of 140
8 in millimeters of mercury mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg

It is necessary to prevent, screen, manage and control HBP because this disorder greatly increases the risks for cardiovascular diseases HBP is often termed the silent killer because uncontrolled high blood pressure can
The prevalence of diagnosed high blood pressure among Oklahoma adults was 298, as compared to 255 in the US
9

monitored this disorder each year since 1988, except for 2000 and 2002 In the past decade, the prevalence of diagnosed HBP in Oklahoma remained below the national median, ranging from 204260 However, in 20012005, Oklahoma rates, 281298, were higher than the national medians, 255 258 Figure III26

lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure or kidney failure
10

Doctor diagnosed HBP in this report is based on the BRFSS question: Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you have high blood pressure? Oklahoma Readers should note that since
2001, Oklahoma sampling scheme has been modified to more accurately represent the population It is strongly possible that the sudden increase in the
Figure III26 Adults Reporting Diagnosed High Blood Pressure, US and Oklahoma, 19932005
US OK

prevalence of diagnosed HBP was closely associated with the changes in survey methodology The following section reports the prevalence of diagnosed HBP in Oklahoma for Year 2005 Oklahoma

Prevalence

20 1 0 0
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

th ranked 7 worse in the nation, DC and

US territories for the population

Oklahoma BRFSS

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Adults Reporting Diagnosed High Blood Pressure, Oklahoma 2005

diagnosed with HBP The prevalence of diagnosed HBP among Oklahoma adults was 298, as compared to 255 in the US

The prevalence of reported HBP, overall, was similar between malefemale groups, 294 vs 302, respectively Figure III28 While males below 65 years reported slightly higher prevalence of HBP, 243, compared to females, 219, females 65
years of age reported higher HBP rates than males, 629 vs 578, respectively

Figure III27 By Region

HBP and Regions Diagnosed HBP disparities existed by region in Oklahoma The prevalence of diagnosed HBP was highest in the Southeast region, 341, as compared to the lowest prevalence in the Central, 257, or the Northwest region, 265 Figure III27

Gender and Age, OK 2005
80 60 40
608

Figure III28 By Gender and Age

HBP, Education and Annual Household Income One in three adults who had

20 0

294

302 85

324

M ale

Female

18 34

3 56 4

HBP, Gender and Age Age was associated with increased risk for high blood pressure The proportion of adults aged 65 reporting diagnosed HBP was 608, as compared to adults aged 3564, 324 Figure III28

high school education or less reported diagnosed HBP as compared to one in four at the college level The largest proportion of adults reporting diagnosed HBP was in the lowest annual household income level, 409 Figure III29

Figure III29 By Education and Annual Household Income Level
Co llege Some co llege Hig h scho ol Less than HS 75,00 0 50,0 00 74 ,99 9 2 5,0 00 4 9,99 9 15,0 00
2 4,9 99 Less than 15,00 0
262 284 324 327 222 232 299 302 409

1 0

P revalence

Oklahoma BRFSS

HBP, Race and Ethnicity African American NH had the highest prevalence of HBP in the youngest and oldest ages, 193 and 752, respectively, while American Indian NH had the highest rates among adults ages
Adults who were currently divorced were 176 more likely to report diagnosed high blood pressure than married adults, 354 vs 301, respectively

Adults Reporting Diagnosed High Blood Pressure, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III30
OK 2005 By Race / Ethnicity
C auc asian 80 A fricanA m A mIndian

Prevalence

60 40 20 0
78 193 82 3 13 286 435 6 00 752

648

3564 years, 435 Figure III30

1 834

3564

HBP and Marital Status Adults who were widowed were twice as likely to report diagnosed HBP than married adults, 599 vs 301, respectively Figure III31 Adults who were currently divorced were 176 more likely to report diagnosed HBP than married adults, 354 vs 301 respectively

Figure III31 By Marital Status
Mar r ied Di vor c ed Widowed Separat ed 245 301 354 599

Nev er been mar r ied 133 M ember of
unmar ri ed c oupl e 189

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 P re v a le n c e

HBP and Employment Status The prevalence of diagnosed HBP was highest among adults who identified themselves as unable to work, 602, and retired, 587, and were three times more likely to report HBP as adults employed for wages Figure III32

High Blood Press ure by By Employment Status Em ploym ent Status, OK 2005
Unable t o work Ret ired A homemaker Out of work 0yrs Selfemployed Employed for wages
278 254 277 199 602 587

Figure III32

0 1 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 P re v a le nc e

Oklahoma BRFSS

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High Blood Cholesterol
Blood cholesterol is a fatlike substance in the body that is necessary for
11 building membrane cells, hormones and digestive substances High blood

cholesterol usually refers to a total blood cholesterol level at 240 mg/dL and
11 above, or the bad cholesterol level LDL at 160 mg/dL and above There is a

national health objective to reduce the prevalence of
total cholesterol levels
2 240 mg/dL among adults aged 20 to 170 in year 2010 Objective 1214

The prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol among Oklahoma is nearly

High blood cholesterol increases the risk for
12 heart diseases and heart attack Diagnosed

There are two types of Cholesterol: Low-density lipoprotein LDL cholesterol is also known as bad cholesterol High LDL cholesterol causes buildup in arteries resulting in blockages to the arteries Higher level of LDL in the bloodstream increases the chance for heart disease and stroke High-density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol is often called good cholesterol HDL delivers cholesterol from other parts of the body back to the liver to be removed from the body Higher level of HDL cholesterol lowers the risk of getting heart disease

6 higher than the US rate

high blood cholesterol was monitored in BRFSS by asking respondents the question Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you have high blood cholesterol? In the late 80s and early 90s, the prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol among Oklahoma adults ranged from 229 to 281 The numbers decreased and
fluctuated between 19961999, and slowly increased again in 2000 from 288 to 378 in 2005, a number nearly 6 higher than the national median Figure III33 HBC, Gender and Age The prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol among females and males was similar, 381 vs 375, respectively The high blood cholesterol prevalence

Adults with the lowest education reported the highest prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol, 469, followed by adults with high school education, 399, as compared to those who had college education, 335

Oklahoma BRFSS

Figure III33 Adults Aged 18 Reporting Diagnosed High Blood Cholesterol, US and Oklahoma, Adults Reporting Diagnosed High Blood Cholesterol, US and Oklahoma, 19882005 1988 2005
40
US OK

increased with age More than half 56 of the adults aged 65 reported diagnosed high blood cholesterol, as compared to adults aged 3564, 499 Figure III34

who had high school or less education were more likely to report diagnosed high blood cholesterol than females who had college education 492, 426 vs 303, respectively No significant differences for diagnosed HBC existed among males by education levels Figure III35
HBC and Household Income Doctordiagnosed high blood cholesterol was associated with annual household income Nearly half of the adults with the lowest household income reported diagnosed high blood cholesterol, as compared to one in three adults with the highest incomes Figure III36

30 20 10 0

HBC, Education and Gender Adults with the lowest education reported the highest prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol, 469, followed by adults with high school education, 399, as compared to those who had college education, 335 In addition, female adults

Adults Reporting Diagnosed High Blood Cholesterol, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III34 By Gender and Age Figure III35 By Gender and Education Level
male f emale
75,000 50,000 74,999
492 437 365
324 353 381 375 457

Figure III36 By Annual Household Income Level

60
60

Prevalence

50 40 30 20 10 0
Less than High HS school Some college
426 381 349

Prevalence

40
560

25,000 49,999
361 303

1 5,000 24,999 Less than 1 5,000

375

381 130

399

0 M ale Female 1834 3564 65

College

40 50

Pre valence

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents
introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

HBC, Race and Ethnicity The prevalence of reported diagnosed HBC was highest among Multicultural NH adults, 481, as compared to Caucasian NH and African American NH adults, 387 and 366, respectively Figure III37 The lowest prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol was Hispanics, 187 In addition, African American had the highest prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol after age 65, 624 HBC and Marital Status The highest prevalence of diagnosed high blood cholesterol by marital status was among widows, 511, and was nearly three

times higher than the lowest prevalence among adults who had never been married, 177 Figure III38 The prevalence of reported high blood cholesterol among married adults were similar to divorced adults HBC and Employment Status The largest prevalence of reported diagnosed high blood cholesterol was among adults who were unable to work or retired, 575 and 547, respectively Figure III39 Adults who were unable to work were nearly twice as likely to report diagnosed HBC as adults
who were employed for wages The prevalence of reported diagnosed HBC was highest among Multicultural NH adults, 481, as compared to Caucasian NH and African American NH adults, 387 and 366, respectively

Adults Reporting Diagnosed High Blood Cholesterol, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III37 By Race / Ethnicity Figure III38 By Marital Status
M arried Divorced Widowed
481 366 348 1 87 Caucasian AfricanAm AmIndian H ispanic Multicul
397 391 511 349 177

Figure III39 By Employment Status 2005
Unable to work Retired A homemaker Out of work 0yrs
346 395 337 307 575 547

OK 2005
50

Prevalence

40 30 20 10 0

Separated Never been married

387

Self employed Employed f or wages

1 0 20 30 40 50 60 P re v a le nce

1 20 30 40 50 60 0 P re va le nc e

Oklahoma BRFSS

Arthritis and Osteoporosis
Arthritis is a general term for over 100 rheumatic diseases and conditions affecting the joints, the surrounding tissues and other connective tissues Among these conditions are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus,
13 fibromyalgia, scleroderma, and carpal tunnel syndrome

Arthritis is a
leading cause of disability in America, affecting an estimated 43 In 2005, Oklahoma ranked 10th highest in the nation, DC and US territories for the population prevalence of diagnosed arthritis Nearly one-third of Oklahoma adults reported diagnosed arthritis Since 1999, BRFSS included an item in its core survey, asking respondents Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have arthritis? In 2002, the question was modified to include other health professional and forms of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia The overall diagnosed arthritis prevalence has increased both nationally million 208 adults, and 1 million Oklahomans It is estimated that 60 million adults in the United States and 14 million Oklahomans will be affected by arthritis by year 2010
15 14

and in Oklahoma from 1999 to 2005, though the Oklahoma rate increased more rapidly than the national rate, 347 vs 159, respectively Oklahoma prevalence of diagnosed arthritis increased from 225 to 303 from 19992005, while the national median increased from 232 to 269 Figure III40
th In 2005, Oklahoma ranked 10 highest in

the nation, DC and the US territories
for the population prevalence of diagnosed arthritis Nearly onethird of Oklahoma adults reported diagnosed arthritis

Figure III40 Adults Reporting Diagnosed Arthritis, US and Oklahoma, 19992005 US vs Oklahoma, 1999 2005
40
US OK

Prevalence

30 20 1 0 0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Arthritis Prevention and Education Program Information in Oklahoma are available at: http://wwwhealth stateokus/program/apep/

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Arthritis, Gender and Age Doctordiagnosed arthritis was significantly higher among females, 342, than males, 261 The prevalence among adults ages 65 was 18 times higher than adults ages 3464, and over six times higher than adults ages 1834 Figure III41 Arthritis, Education and Household Income The proportion of adults reporting doctordiagnosed arthritis among those who had less than high school education, 362, was significantly higher than among those with college or some college education Figure III 42 The lower the annual household income, the higher the
rate of diagnosed arthritis The prevalence of diagnosed arthritis among adults with annual income of less than 15,000, 434, was over two times higher than adults with the highest incomes, 205 Figure III42

Arthritis, Race and Ethnicity There were significant disparities for diagnosed arthritis among race / ethnic groups Nearly half of the adults who identified themselves as Multicultural reported diagnosed arthritis, 469 The prevalence of diagnosed arthritis was significantly lower among African Americans NH, 249 than Caucasian NH, 312, or American Indian NH, 358 Figure III43 Arthritis and Marital Status The highest prevalence of diagnosed arthritis was among widowed adults, 607 Divorced adults were 414 more likely than married adults to report diagnosed arthritis Figure III44 Arthritis and Employment Status The prevalence of diagnosed arthritis was highest among adults who were unable to work, 674, followed by retired adults, 571 These two groups reported significantly higher prevalence of diagnosed arthritis than homemakers, selfemployed, out of work adults, or adults employed for wages Figure III45
Figure III42 By Education and Annual
Household Income Level
College Some college High school Less t han HS 75,000 50,000 74,999 25,000 49,999 15,000 24,999 Less t han 15,000
205 251 296 321 434 255 295 318 362

Adults with Diagnosed Arthritis, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III41 By Gender and Age

Prevalence

60 40
598

20
261

342 92

333

0
M ale

Female 1834

3 564

1 0

P rev a le nc e

Oklahoma BRFSS

Arthritis and Geographical Region
Adults with Diagnosed Arthritis, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III43 By Race / Ethnicity
50 40 30 20 10 0 Prevalence

Symptoms of Arthritis
Apart from doctordiagnosed arthritis, BRFSS 2005 also asked the following questions in the survey During the past 30 days, have you had any symptoms of pain, aching, or stiffness in or around a joint? Nearly half of Oklahoma adults, 431, indicated that they did In addition, among these adults who

The prevalence of Oklahoma adults reporting diagnosed arthritis was highest in Southeast region, 386, followed by Northeast, 342, and Southwest regions, 329 These
469

regions had significantly higher reported diagnosed arthritis prevalence than in Tulsa, 265,
and the Central region, 245 Figure III46 Arthritis and Weight Diagnosed arthritis is highly

31 2

358 249 87 M ultcul

Caucasian AfricanAm AmIndian Hispanic

Figure III44

2005 By Marital Status
M arried Divo rced Wid o wed Sep arated
255 304 430 607

had joint pain in 30 days, they were asked two questions: first, Did your joint symptoms first begin more than 3 months ago? Majority of the 6,782 adults, 870, responded Yes Second, Have you ever seen a doctor or other health professional for these joint symptoms? Nearly three quarter of the 6,088 adults, 727, said Yes Among adults who were diagnosed with arthritis or those who had joint pain in past 30 days, they were asked, Are you now limited in any way in any of your usual activities because of arthritis or joint

associated with weight and physical activities Obese adults were 252 more likely to report arthritis, 383, than overweight adults, 306 and 609 higher than normal weight adults, 238 Figure III47 Arthritis and Physical Activity Adults who were physically inactive in their leisure time were nearly 15 times more likely to report doctor diagnosed arthritis than those who
were physically active Figure III48
Prevalence

Never been married 106

0 1 20 30 40 50 60 70 0

Prevalence

Figure III45 By Employment Status
Unab le to wo rk Ret ired A ho memaker Out o f wo rk 0yrs Self emp lo yed Emplo yed fo r wages
299 254 299 197 674 571

0 1 20 30 40 50 60 70 0

Oklahoma BRFSS

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symptoms? One in three of the 7,443 adults responded that their usual activities were limited by their arthritis or joint symptoms

Adults Reporting Diagnosed Arthritis, Oklahoma 2005

Figure III46 By Region

Doctor-diagnosed arthritis was significantly higher among females than males, 342 vs 261, respectively
Figure III47 By Weight Status Weight Status, OK 2005

Prevalence

40 30 20 1 0 0
Normal Overweight Obese
238 306 383

Figure III48 By Leisure Time Physical Leisure Time Physical Activity

Activity Status, OK 2005
Prevalence
50 40 30 20 1 0 0

390 264

Leisure t ime physical activity

Leisure time physical inactivity

Oklahoma BRFSS

Diagnosed Current Asthma
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, characterizes by the inflammation and swelling of the inside walls of the airways that bring air in and out of the
16 17 body In 2004, it was estimated that 205 million Americans had asthma

In the same year, 3,780 deaths in the nation were attributed to asthma Close
18 to 640 of these deaths occurred in women

In 2005, 85 Oklahoma adults reported diagnosed current asthma, which was 63 higher than the nations 80 Since 2000, BRFSS included two asthma questions in its core questionnaire, Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you had asthma? and Do you still have asthma? The term in this report, diagnosed current asthma is a combination of these two questions In the same year, 28,981 Oklahomans were discharged from inpatient services, and 6,449 were discharged from outpatient services with asthma Oklahoma ranked
th 18 highest in the nation, DC and US

territories for the population reporting diagnosed current asthma In 2005, 16 of deaths in Oklahoma were due to asthma

An asthma attack is an episode in which the airways For the past six years, the
Oklahoma tighten up and excrete extra current asthma rate increased by mucus due to a reaction to allergens These changes cause wheezing a whistling sound when you breathe, coughing, chest tightness, and trouble breathing16
362 as compared to the nations, 114 The prevalence of reported diagnosed current asthma among adults aged 18 in Oklahoma was lower than the national median from 20002003 However, for the past two years, our numbers have exceeded the national statistics In 2005, 85 of Oklahoma adults reported diagnosed current asthma, 63 higher than the nations 80 Figure III49
Prevalence
1 2
US OK

Asthma, Gender and Age According to 20002005 BRFSS, the prevalence of current asthma among

Figure III49 Adults with Diagnosed Current Asthma, US and Oklahoma, 20002005

8 4 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

female adults have been consistently higher than male adults in Oklahoma Figure III 50 In addition, the prevalence of current asthma among female adults have increased 455
in six years, as compared to male adults, at 193 There were no significant asthma differences among the age groups although the prevalence of diagnosed current asthma was slightly higher among adults aged 65 and above, as compared to the other age groups Figure III51 Asthma, Education and Household Income Disparities for current diagnosed asthma existed by annual household income levels

but not by education Adults with high school or less education reported 136 208 higher prevalence of diagnosed current asthma than adults with some college or a college degree Figure III52 Young adults under 35 years old with current asthma were more likely to be high school graduates Older adults aged 35 64 who reported current asthma were more likely to have had less than a high school education Adults with the lowest annual household income were 16 times more likely to report diagnosed current asthma than their peers with incomes 25,00050,000 Figure III52 In addition, the largest proportion of adults under age 35 with The prevalence of current asthma among female adults ha ve increased 455 in six years, as compared to male adults, at 193

Adults with Diagnosed
Current Asthma, Oklahoma 2005 Figure III50 By Gender and Year
male f emale

Figure III51 By Age

by Age, OK 2005
1 0

1 2

Prevalence

8 4 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

8 6 4 2 0 1 834 3564 65 o r more
83 85 90

Oklahoma BRFSS

diagnosed asthma were among those with annual incomes 50,000less than 75,000, 122 For adults aged 35, For adults aged 35, the largest prevalence of current asthma were reported by adults in the lowest two income levels Asthma, Race and Ethnicity Multicultural NH adults were 16 times more likely than Caucasian NH, and twice as likely as African American NH Multicultural NH adults were 16 times more likely than Caucasian NH, twice as likely as African American NH and American Indian NH to report diagnosed current asthma in 2005 Asthma and Marital Status The highest prevalence of diagnosed current asthma reported was among separated adults, 140 Widowed adults, 121, were nearly twice as likely to report asthma than persons married, 77, or never been married, 72 Figure III54 and American Indian NH to report diagnosed current asthma in 2005 Figure III53 In addition, the lowest prevalence of
diagnosed current asthma reported was among the Hispanics, 37
Figure III53 By Race / Ethnicity 15 10
142

Adults with Diagnosed Current Asthma, Oklahoma 2005

the largest prevalence of current asthma was reported by adults in the lowest two income levels, 126 and 115, respectively
College Some college High school Less than HS 75,000 50,000 74,999 25,000 49,999 15,000 24,999 Less t han 15,000
74 74 72 93 115 77 81 92 93

Figure III52 By Education and Annual Household Income

Prevalence

5 0

90 65

72 37

Caucasian AfricanAm Am Indian H ispanic

Multicul

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Adults with Diagnosed Current Asthma, Oklahoma 2005

Asthma and Employment Status The largest proportion of adults reporting diagnosed current asthma were among the unable to work, 198, nearly twice the prevalence of that of the homemakers, 107, and out of work adults, 106 Figure III 55 Multicultural NH adults who were unable to work reported the highest prevalence of
asthma, 292 Asthma and Geographical Regions Current asthma prevalence varied by Oklahoma regions The highest prevalence of diagnosed current asthma was in Northeast region, 103, as compared to Northwest and Tulsa regions, 67 and 71, respectively Figure III56

Figure III54 By Marital Status
M arried Divo rced Wido wed Separat ed Never b een married
72 7 7 107 121 14 0

The highest
0 5 10 15

Pre vale nce
Figure III55 by Em ploym ent Status By Employment Status

prevalence of diagnosed current asthma was in Northeast region, 103, as compared to Northwest and Tulsa regions, 67 and 71, respectively

OK 2005

U nab le t o wo rk R et ired A ho memaker Out o f w o rk 0 yrs Self emp lo yed Emp lo yed f o r wag es 0
4 1 7 2 89 10 7 10 6

19 8

2 0

P re v a le n c e

Figure III56 By Region

Oklahoma BRFSS

Asthma and Weight Obese adults who reduce their weight report feeling better with their asthma
19 conditions Current asthma was

Adults with Diagnosed Current Asthma, Oklahoma 2005

associated with body weight In 2005, obese adults were twice as likely to In 2005, obese adults were twice as likely to
report current asthma, 121, as overweight adults, 74, or normal weight adults, 69 Asthma and Smoking Status Current everyday smokers 108, and former smokers, 106, were highest in diagnosed current asthma These groups were 5080 higher in diagnosed asthma than adults who Current everyday smokers 108, and former smokers, 106, were highest in diagnosed current asthma were current some day smoker and never smoker Figure III58 report current asthma, 121, as overweight adults, 74, or normal weight adults, 69 Figure III57

Figure III57 By Weight Category
1 5

Prevalence

1 0 5
69 74 121

0 No rmal Overweight Obese

Figure III58 By Smoker Category
12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Prevalence

108 60

106 70

Current Current Former every day some day smoker smoker smoker

Never smoker

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Section IV: Modifiable Individual Risk Behaviors Tobacco Use
20 Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States

Cigarette smoking causes deaths from cancer, cardiovascular
diseases, respiratory diseases, and infant deaths related to mothers smoking during
21 pregnancy The Healthy People national objective is to reduce cigarette 2 smoking to 120 by 2010 Objective 271a

In the new millennium, the current smoker rates have seen a 143

In this BRFSS report, current smokers consist of respondents whose answer was Yes to Smoking 100 cigarettes in their life and are currently smoking everyday or some day The national trends of current smokers have been stable at around 230 for the last decade the 90s, but since 2001, there was approximately 50 decline each year to 205 in 2005 The Oklahoma trends have been higher than the national averages In the 90s, Oklahoma current smoker rates ranged from 217266 In the new millennium, the current smoker rates have seen a 143 decline from 287 in 2001 to 251 in 2005 Figure IV1

th In 2005, Oklahoma ranked 5 highest in

decline from 287 in 2001 to 251 in 2005

the nation and DC for the population percentage of reported current smokers More than half of Oklahoma adults never smoked one in five adults had smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetimes and currently
smoke every day and, one in four Oklahoma adults were former smokers Figure IV2

Types of tobacco use include:

cigarette smoking including lowtar cigarettes, and other tobacco products

Tobacco, Gender and Age In 2005, the prevalence of current male smokers,

smokeless tobacco, cigars, and pipes,

spit tobacco

265, was 125 higher than female smokers, 238 Current smokers were more common among young adults ages 1834, 305, as compared to adults in older age groups Figure IV3

Tobacco Use Prevention Service Information in Oklahoma are available at: http://wwwhealth stateokus/program/tobac/indexhtml

Oklahoma BRFSS

One in five adults had smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetimes and were currently smoking every day

Tobacco, Education and Household Income In 2005, current smokers were more likely to be adults with lower education and lower incomes Figure IV4 Adults with less than high school education, 353, were three times more likely to report currently smoking than their peers with college education, 107 Adults with

Figure IV2 Adults by Smoking Status, Oklahoma 2005 Oklahoma 2005
60 50 40 30 20 10 0

509 190 60 240

Current Current Former every day some day smoker smoker smoker

Never smoked

In 2005, the prevalence of current male smokers were 125 higher than female smokers, 265 vs 238, respectively

annual household income below 25,000 were twice as likely to report currently smoking than their peers with incomes above 50,000, 341 vs 160,
Percent
Figure IV3 Adult Current Smokers by Gender and Age, Oklahoma 2005
40 30 20 10 0
M ale Female 18 3 4 3 56 4 6 5
26 5 3 05 2 38 2 70 10 2

respectively

Figure IV1 Adult Current Smokers, US and Oklahoma, 19882005

1988 2005
30

Percent

1 0

No US data in 1988 and 1989

Oklahoma BRFSS

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Tobacco, Race and Ethnicity In an effort to yield meaningful results, data from three years 20032005 were combined to increase sample sizes The largest proportion of current smokers was among American Indian NH, 341 Figure IV5 Multicultural NH group was 337 more likely to report current smoking than Caucasian NH, 329 vs 246 The lowest prevalence
of current smokers was among Hispanics, 209 Smoker Status and Asthma Oklahoma adults who were current everyday smokers or former smokers were about 350 more likely to report having asthma than those who never smoked in their lifetimes in 2005 Figure IV6

Adult Current Smokers, Oklahoma 2005 Figure IV4 By Education and Annual Household Income Level
C o lleg e So me co lleg e Hig h scho o l Less t han HS 75,0 0 0 50 ,0 0 0 74 ,9 9 9 2 5,0 0 0 4 9 ,9 9 9 15,0 0 0 2 4 ,9 9 9 Less t han 15,0 0 0 0 10
15 2 16 8 2 5 7 3 3 0 3 5 2 10 7 2 5 5 3 0 5 3 5 3

2 0

3 0

4 0

Pe r ce nt

Figure IV5 Adult Curre nt Sm oke rs by Race / By Race / Ethnicity Ethnicity, OK 20032005
40

Percent

30 20 1 0 0
Caucasian Af r ic anAm AmIndian Hispanic Mult ic ul 246 267 341 209 329

Smoker Status and Job Types Smoking differences also existed among the type of jobs in Oklahoma The proportion of current smokers was 15 times higher among Oklahoma adults whose jobs involved heavy labor than mostly walking, 402 vs 270, respectively and nearly doubled those with jobs mainly involving sitting or standing, 223 Figure IV7

Figure IV6
Prevalence of Asthma By Smoking Status, Oklahoma 2005
15

Percent

10 5 0
Current every day smoker Former smoker Never smoker
108 106 70

Oklahoma BRFSS

Tobacco and Employment Status Adults who were unemployed, 453, and those unable to work, 417, were the highest in reported current smokers The largest proportion of current smokers was among American Indian NH, 341 Smokers and Geographical Regions Smoking disparities also existed by geographical regions in Oklahoma The prevalence of current smokers was Adults who were unemployed, 453, and those unable to work, 417, were the highest in reported current smokers significantly higher in the Southeast region than Northwest, Central or Tulsa regions Figure IV9 Figure IV8 The lowest prevalence of current smoking was among retired adults, 113

Prevalence of Adult Current Smokers, Oklahoma 2005

A du lt C ur r e n t Sm ok e r s by Figure IV7 Job A ctivity, Ok laho m a 2005 By Job Type
50

Percent

4 0 3 0 2 0 10 0 M o st ly sit / st and M o st ly w alking M o st ly heavy lab o r
2 2 3 2 7 0 4 0 2

Adult Curre nt Sm okers by Figure IV8 Employme nt Status , By Employment Status
Oklahom a 200 5
U nab le t o W o r k R et ir ed St ud ent Ho memaker U nemplo y 0 12 mt hs U nemp lo y 1 year Self emp lo yed Emp lo yed w ag es
0 268 264 10 20 30 40 50 113 210 211 470 436 417

P e r c e n t

Figure IV9 By Oklahoma Region

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Alcohol Consumption
Approximately 85,000 deaths in the United States were caused by alcohol
22 consumption in 2000 It is a Healthy People national objective to reduce the

population prevalence of binge drinking to 134 by year 2010 among adults in
2 the United States Objective 2611c

Binge Drinking
Binge drinking has many reported adverse health effects, including accidental injuries eg, motor vehicle crashes, burns, falls, drownings, and hypothermia violence eg, homicide, suicide, child abuse, domestic violence alcohol poisoning hypertension heart attack gastritis pancreatitis sexually transmitted diseases meningitis and poor
23 control of diabetes

National trends of binge drinking among American adults have been
at 141 153, except for 2002 161 and 2003 165 Figure IV10 Oklahoma binge drinking trends have been consistently lower than the national averages across the years The prevalence

Two of the most common measures for

According to BRFSS, respondents who answered at least one episode to the following question, Considering all types of alcoholic beverages, how many times during the past 30 days did you have 5 or more drinks on one occasion? were considered at risk for binge drinking

alcohol consumption are:

Binge drinking defined as having five
drinks or more in a row in the month
24 preceding the survey

Chronic drinking Since the year 2000,
definition for chronic drinking has changed from having 60 or more drinks per month to having excess of 1 drink per day on

A standard drink is 12 grams of pure alcohol, which is equal to one 12-ounce bottle of beer or wine cooler, one 5-ounce glass of wine, or 15 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits24

average for women and greater than 2
24 drinks per day on average for men

Oklahoma BRFSS

of reported binge drinking declined in the 1990s Since 2002, binge drinking among Oklahoma adults has decreased
nearly 60 from 133 to 126 in 2005 Figure IV10 Since 2002, binge drinking among Oklahoma adults have decreased nearly 60 from 133 to 126 in 2005 As the sample size was too small to yield meaningful results, data from the last three years 20032005 were combined to provide demographic estimates for binge and chronic drinking Binge Drinking, Gender and Age Male adults in Oklahoma were four times more likely to report binge drinking than females, and young adults ages 1834 were over two times more likely than their middle age peers Figure IV11 Binge Drinking, Education and Household Income Education levels are inversely associated with binge drinking behaviors in Oklahoma from 20032005 Adults with the lowest education were 404 more likely to report binge drinking than adults with the highest education, 153 vs 109, respectively Binge drinking was associated with annual
Figure IV10 Adults Reporting Binge Drinking in Past Month, US and Oklahoma, 19902005
20 1 5 1 0 5 0
US OK

Figure IV11 Adults Reporting Binge Drinking by Gender and Age, Oklahoma 20032005

OK 20032005
Prevalence
25 20 1 5 1 0 5 0
M ale 213

235 104 52 Female 1834 3564 19
65

household incomes More adults with incomes over 15,000 reported binge drinking, 134151, as compared to 99 with the lowest incomes Figure IV12

Information for substance abuse prevention and treatment services in Oklahoma are available at: http//wwwodmhsasorg/subab htm, Reach-Out hotline, 1-800-522-9054

No US or Oklahoma data for 2000

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Adults Reporting Binge Drinking, Oklahoma 20032005 Figure IV12 By Education and Annual Household Income Level
College Some college High school Less than HS 75,000 50,000 74,999 25,000 49,999 15,000 24,999 Less t han 15,000
99 109 137 129 153 143 134 134 151

Binge Drinking, Race and Ethnicity Binge drinking disparities also existed among race/ ethnic groups In 20032005, Hispanics were nearly two times more likely to report binge drinking than Caucasian NH, 226 vs 120 Figure IV13 When binge drinking and age group were examined under each ethnic group, the highest prevalence of binge drinking was among African American NH and
Multicultural NH in 1834 age group, 272 and 271, respectively Binge Drinking and Marital Status From 20032005, adults who have never been married or members of unmarried couple reported the highest prevalence of binge drinking, 266 and 232, respectively Figure IV14 These higher drinking rates were greatly influenced by the fact that 815 of the single and 673 of members of unmarried couple were young adults ages 1834 Adults who were separated from their spouse were more likely to report binge drinking than married couples 218 vs 101, respectively Binge Drinking and Employment Status Large disparities of binge drinking existed among employment groups in 20032005 Adults who were most likely to report binge drinking

P re v alenc e

Figure IV13 By Race / Ethnicity
25

Prevalence

20 1 5 1 0 5 0
Caucasian AfricanAm AmIndian Hispanic Multicul

226 1 20 1 36 1 42 1 39

Figure IV14 By Marital Status
Mar ried Div or ced Wi dowed 22 Separat ed Nev er been mar ried Member of unmar ried couple 218 266 232 101 145

P re va le nc e

Oklahoma BRFSS

identified themselves as students, 192,
out of work, 182, and employed for wages, 173 Figure IV15 The retired group had the lowest binge drinking rate, 30 Binge Drinking and Job Types Binge drinking was also associated with physical activity of jobs In 20032005, adults whose jobs involved mostly heavy labor, 247, were nearly two times more likely to report binge drinking than adults mostly sitting or standing at their jobs, 143 Figure IV16 Binge Drinking and Geographical Regions Adults who were most likely to report binge drinking identified themselves as students, 192, out of work, 182, and employed for wages, 173 In 20032005, Oklahoma adults from metropolitan cities, such as Central and Tulsa regions, 153 and 148, respectively, were more likely to report binge drinking than Northeast or Southwest regions, 119 and 112, respectively Figure IV17

Adults Reporting Binge Drinking, Oklahoma 20032005

Figure IV15 By Employment Status
U nab le t o w o rk R et ired A st ud ent A ho memaker Out o f w o rk 0 yrs Self emp lo yed Emp lo yed f o r w ag es
13 9 173 4 4 18 2 6 5 30 19 2

In 2003-2005, Hispanics were nearly two times more likely to report binge drinking than Caucasian NH, 226
vs 120

5 10 15 P re v a le n c e

Figure IV16 By Job Types
3 0 2 0
2 4 7

10 0

14 3

19 3

M o st l y si t t i n g o r st a n d i n g

M o st l y w a l k i n g

M o st l y h e a v y l a b o r

Figure IV17 By Region

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Figure IV18

Chronic Drinking
Adults Reporting Chronic Drinking,

Longterm chronic drinking is associated with chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, heart rhythm irregularities, stroke, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, gastrointestinal cancers, depression, and a variety of injuries and deaths The national prevalence of chronic drinking remained at 3 in the 90s However, since the modification of chronic drinking criteria to two drinks or more per day for men and one drink or
14 more for women, the prevalence of chronic 23

US and Oklahoma, 19902005 US and Oklahoma, 19902005
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
US Oklahoma

No US data for 1994, 1996, 1998 No data for 2000

Since the year 2000, definition for chronic drinking have changed from having
60 or more drinks per month to having excess of 1 drink per day on average for women and greater than 2 drinks per day on average for men24

drinking for the nation increased nearly 30 from 36 in 1999 to 51 in 2001 The number kept increasing in the following year to 59 and then declined to 49 in 2005 Figure IV18 In Oklahoma, the trends for chronic drinking have been fluctuating from 15 to 25 in the 90s In 2001, the chronic drinking rate was 35 and peaked at 42 in 2003, before declining to 31 in 2005 Figure IV18 Chronic Drinking, Gender and Age From 20032005, the proportion of Oklahoma male adults reporting chronic drinking was 56, nearly three times higher than their female counterparts, 20 Figure IV19 In addition,

Figure IV19 Adults Reporting Chronic Drinking by Gender and Age, Oklahoma 20032005

Prevalence

6 4
56 57 34 20 16

2 0
M ale Female 1834

3564

Oklahoma BRFSS

Adults Reporting Chronic Drinking, Oklahoma 20032005 Figure IV20 By Education and Household Income level OK 20032005
C o lleg e So me co lleg e Hig h scho o l Less t han HS 75,0 0 0 50 ,0 0 0 74 ,9 9 9 2 5,0 0 0 4 9 ,9 9 9 15,0 0 0 2 4 ,9 9 9
Less t han 15,0 0 0
24 34 40 44 32 38 39 46 50

young adults, 57, were two times more likely to report chronic drinking than the middleage adults, 34 Chronic Drinking, Education and Household Income Adults with lower education levels were more likely to report chronic drinking than their peers with higher education Figure IV20 Adults with the lowest annual household
6

Chronic Drinking and Marital Status The highest prevalence of reported chronic drinking was among adults who had never been married, 71 In addition, the prevalence of chronic drinking among divorced adults was twice that of married adults, 61 vs 27 Figure IV22 Chronic Drinking and Employment Status The highest prevalence of reported chronic drinking was among self employed adults, 58, followed by out of work adults, 57, and students, 48 Figure IV23 In addition, the prevalence of chronic drinking nearly tripled among the selfemployed compared to adults unable to work Chronic Drinking and Job Types Chronic drinking is also associated with job activities Adults whose jobs involved heavy labor were nearly two times more likely to report chronic drinking than their peers
with jobs involving mostly sitting or standing, 73 vs 36, respectively Figure IV24

2 4 P r e v a le n c e

income were the least likely to report chronic drinking, 24, while adults with the highest incomes reported the highest prevalence, 50 Figure IV20

Figure IV21 By Race / Ethnicity
6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Prevalence

Chronic Drinking, Race and Ethnicity The largest proportion of adults reporting chronic drinking was among Hispanics, 52 Figure IV 21 However, the largest proportions of adults ages 1834 reporting chronic drinking were among African American NH, 103 and Multicultural NH, 66

Caucasian AfricanAm AmIndian H ispanic

Multicul

Figure IV22 By Marital Status
Mar ried Div or ced Wi dowed Separat ed Nev er been mar ried Member of unmar ried couple 16 52 71 61 27 61

P rev a le nce

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Chronic Drinking and Geographical Regions The highest prevalence of chronic drinking was reported among adults from Tulsa
and Central regions in 20032005, 45 and 42, respectively Figure IV25

Adults At Risk For Chronic Drinking, Oklahoma 20032005 Figure IV23 By Employment Status

S ta tu s , O K 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 5
U n a b l e t o w o r k R e t i r e d A st u d e n t A h o m e m a k e r O u t o f w o r k 0 y r s S e l f e m p l o y e d Em p l o y e d f o r w a g e s 15 2 3 18

4 8

5 7 5 8 4 4

Adults with the lowest annual household income were the least
4 5 6

P r e v a le n c e

likely to report chronic drinking, 24, while adults with the highest incomes reported the highest prevalence, 50

Figure IV24 By Job Types
8 6 4 2 0
M ost ly si t t in g M ost l y wa l k i ng M ost l y h ea v y o r st a n di ng l a bo r 50 36 7 3

Figure IV25 By Region

Oklahoma BRFSS

Physical Activity
Regular physical activity substantially reduces risks for chronic diseases eg stroke, heart attack, colon cancer, diabetes, etc, body fat, and controls
25 weight and strengthens bones, muscles and joints A national objective of

Healthy People 2010 is to achieve the prevalence of vigorous activity to
2 300 Objective 223
and moderate activity to 500 Objective 222

Traditionally, regular vigorous activities
Figure IV26

are recommended to stay healthy However, given that more than half

Current recommendations for physical activity include: 26

Adults by Vigorous Adults by Vigorous Physical Activity of adults in the United States are Physical Activity Recommendation, Oklahoma 2005 Recom m endation, OK 2005 not vigorously active at the
225

Vigorous-intensity physical activity for 3 or more days per week for 20 or more minutes per occasion; OR,

recommended level, the guidelines have been modified to include a combination of vigorous or moderateintensity physical activity

Moderate-intensity physical activities for more than 30 minutes on 5 or more days of the week

775
Meet Recommendat ion Does Not Meet Rec ommendat i on

to be integrated into ones life
25 span

Vigorous physical activity results in an increase in the heart and breathing rate,
Figure IV27 Adults Reporting Recommended Physical Activity Levels, Oklahoma 2005
50 40 30 20 10 0

225 of adults were vigorously active at the recommended level Figure IV26, and less than half, 423, were physically
active at the recommended level Figure IV27 Physical Activity, Gender and Age Sixtyone percent of female adults did not meet the recommended physical activity compared to male adults, 544 Nearly two thirds of the adults ages 65 reported not

eg, running, aerobics, heavy yardwork, etc Moderate physical activities result in a small increase in the heart and breathing rate, e g, brisk walking, bicycling, vacuuming, and gardening, etc
166

423

411

M et

insufficient

inactive

In 2005, Oklahoma adults were below the national objectives Only

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

meeting the recommended activity level, as compared to nearly half of their younger peers ages 1834 years Figure IV28 Physical Activity, Education and Household Income Oklahoma adults with lower annual household incomes and lower education were less likely to report recommended physical activities than their peers with higher incomes and education Figure IV 29 The largest proportion of adults reporting no physical activities at the
recommended level was among those with less than high school education, 676, and with the lowest incomes, 657 Physical Activity, Race and Ethnicity Physical activity differences also existed among race and ethnic groups Oklahoma adults who identified themselves as Multicultural NH were less likely to meet the recommended physical activity than all other race / ethnicities Figure IV30

Comments In 2005, nearly 60 of adults in Oklahoma reported dealing with jobs that required mostly sitting or standing Given the nature of their jobs, it becomes necessary for an individual to exercise when they are not at work In the next section, BRFSS has an item that focuses specifically on the prevalence of Leisure Time Physical Inactivity
Percent
Adults Not Meeting the Recommended Physical Activities Levels, Oklahoma 2005 Figure IV28 By Gender and Age Group Oklahom a 2005
80 60 40 20 0
M ale Female 1834 3564 65
544 608 493 604 656

Figure IV29 By Education and Annual Household Income Level
C o ll e g e S o m e c o ll e g e Hi g h s c ho o l L e s s t h a n H S 7 5 ,0 0 0 5 0 ,0 0 0 7 4 ,9 9 9 2 5 ,0 0 0 4 9 ,9 9 9 15 ,0 0 0
2 4 ,9 9 9 Le s s t ha n 15 ,0 0 0 0 2 0
5 1 0 5 7 2 5 8 8 6 7 6 4 9 1 5 2 9 5 6 7 6 0 5 6 5 7

4 0

6 0

8 0

P e r c e n t

Figure IV30 By Race/ Ethnicity
80 60 40
570 567 569 572 673

20 0

Caucasian Af ric anAm AmIndian

Hispanic

Mult icul

Oklahoma BRFSS

Leisure Time Physical Activity
Leisure time physical activity involves physical activities or exercises other than their regular job, such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise This type of activity can be a combination of moderate and /or vigorous activities A national health objective for 2010 is to reduce the prevalence of no
2 leisure time physical activity to 200

Figure IV32

For the past 15 years 19902005, adult Americans have been taking more actions to increase their leisure time physical activities The average prevalence of no leisure time physical activity for the past 15 years has been higher than the national median, 35 vs 28, respectively The national trends indicated that the prevalence of no leisure time physical activity among adults was somewhat constant at 30 prior to 1997 and began
to decline from 291 in 1998 to 255 in 2005 Figure IV31 The highest prevalence of no leisure time physical activity reported was predominantly in the eastern, midwest and southern parts of the US, at 240349 Figure IV32 The average
Figure IV31 Adults Reporting No Leisure Time Physical Activities in the Past Month, US and Oklahoma, 1988 2005
50
US OK

Adults Reporting No Leisure Time Physical Activity by State, US 2005

prevalence of no leisure time physical activity in Oklahoma for the past 15 years has been higher than the national average, 355 vs 275,
th Although Oklahoma ranked 5 highest in the

respectively

Prevalence

40 30 20 10 0

nation and DC for the population prevalence of no leisure time physical activity in 2005, the prevalence of reported no leisure time physical activity in Oklahoma declined each year since 1999 from 477 to 306 in 2005

No US data for 1988, 1989, 1995, 1997, 1999 No data for 1993

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Leisure Time Physical Activity, Gender and Age Differences
for no leisure time physical activity existed among gender and age groups in 2005 Figure IV33 The proportion of female adults reporting no leisure time physical activity, 332, was significantly higher than male adults, 278 Older Oklahoma adults were significantly more likely to report no leisure time physical activity than their younger peers The highest prevalence of no leisure time physical activity was among the elders, 389, as compared to younger adults ages 3564, 310, and adults ages 1834, 254 Leisure Time Physical Activity, Education and Household Income Leisure time physical activity is highly associated with education levels and annual household income In 2005, nearly half of the adults with the lowest education, 468, and lowest household incomes, 439, reported no leisure time physical activity Figure IV34 High school graduates were over twice as likely to report no leisure time physical activity as college

graduates, 375 vs 173, respectively Leisure Time Physical Activity, Race and Ethnicity Among race and ethnic groups, Hispanics were significantly more likely to report no leisure time physical activity than all other races Figure
IV35 In addition, African American NH ages 65 reported the highest prevalence of no leisure time physical activity, 515, as compared to their cohort in other races / ethnic groups Leisure Time Physical Activity, and Health Issues Physical activity is highly associated with health conditions Oklahoma adults who reported no leisure time physical activity reported significantly higher health issues than adults who had leisure time physical activity Figure IV36: stroke, 24 times angina, 20 times heart attack, 21 times high blood pressure, 14 times high cholesterol, 13 times diabetes, 19 times and arthritis, 15 times

Adults Reporting No Leisure Time Physical Activities in the Past Month, Oklahoma 2005 Figure IV33 By Gender and Age Past Month, OK 2005
50

Percent

40 30 20 10 0 M ale Female 1 834 3564 65
278 332 254 389 310

Figure IV34 By Education and Annual Household Income Level
College Some college High school Less t han HS 75,000 50,000 74,999 25,000 49,999 15,000 24,999 Less than 15,000 0 10
172 218 304 366 439 173 254 375 468

P e rc e nt

Figure IV35 By Race / Ethnicity OK 2005
Percent

50 40 30 20 1 0 0
448 294 263 300 322

Caucasian Af ricanAm AmIndian

Hispanic

Mult ic ul

Oklahoma BRFSS

Figure IV36 Adults Reporting Health Issues by Leisure Time Physical Activity Status, Oklahoma 2005 Physical Activity Status, Oklahom a 2005 Adults Reporting No Leisure Time Physical Activity, Oklahoma 2005 Figure IV37 By Job Type
40

50 40 Percent

No Leisure Time Physical A ctivit y

Leisure Time Physical A ctivity

Percent

30 20 10 0
61 2 5 Stro ke 76 38 A ng ina 8 3 4 0 Heart At tack B PHig h Hig hChol 4 4 6 38 1 2 67 350 130 39 0 2 64 72 A rt hritis

30 20 10 0
2 5 8 2 4 7

3 2 9

Diabetes

M o st ly sit / st and

M o st ly w alking

M o st ly heavy lab o r

Leisure Time Physical Activity and Job Types Oklahoma adults whose jobs mostly involved heavy labor were 275332 more likely to report no leisure time physical activity than their peers whose jobs involve sitting, standing or walking at work in 2005 Figure IV37 The highest prevalence of no leisure time physical activity was among adults unable to work, 574, 664 more likely than retired workers to report no leisure time physical
activity, 345 Leisure Time Physical Activity and Employment Status The highest prevalence of no leisure time physical activity was among adults unable to work, 574, 664 more likely than retired workers to report no leisure time physical activity, 345 Figure IV38 Leisure Time Physical Activity and Geographical Regions The highest proportion of adults reporting no leisure time physical activity was from the southwest region of Oklahoma, 329, which was 316 higher than the Tulsa region, 250 Figure IV39

Figure IV38 By Employment Status

U n a b l e t o W o r k Re t i r e d S t u d e n t H o m e m a k e r U n e m p l o y 0 12 m t h s U n e m p l o y 1 y e a r S e l f e m p l o y e d Em p l o y e d w a g e s 3 4 5 2 3 7 3 4 0 2 7 6 3 8 3 2 8 3 2 6 4

5 7 4

2 0 3 0 4 0

50 6 0

P e r c e n t

Figure IV39 By Region

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Overweight and Obesity
27 Obesity in the United States cost about 117 billion in 2000, and is

associated with increased risk
for morbidity from high blood pressure,
28 diabetes, heart diseases, stroke, and certain cancers

The national

objective of Healthy People 2010 is to reduce the prevalence of obesity
2 among adults in the United States to 150 Objective 192

Overweight and obesity are measured by body mass index BMI This is an indicator that incorporates weight and height in adults and correlates to body fat
29

obese category Figure IV40 In 1995, 15 states had 550599 of adults who were overweight or obese These states were mainly in the Midwest and Southern regions

There is a serious health threat from overweight or obesity in the US Several actions have been suggested to fight overweight or obesity Americans, adults and children alike, are encouraged by their physicians and workplace to join fitness programs, and to become more aware of their food choices and caloric intake Schools are delivering lowfat snacks and smaller portions to their students in an effort to fight overweight or obesity In 1990, nearly half of adults in 22 states, 450499, were in the overweight or In 2000, every state, except Colorado, had overweight or obese issues
among half of their adult population In addition, the highest prevalence of overweight or obese in the nation was among six states with 600649 adults who were overweight or obese

BMI classifications are as follows: Adults with BMI greater than or equal to 30 are classified as obese; BMI between 25 to less than 30 are overweight; and BMI below 25 are considered normal or underweight30

By the year 2005, 32 states reported a overweight or obese prevalence of 600 649 2 states, Mississippi and West Virginia, reported the highest overweight or obese prevalence, at 650699 of adults Figure IV40

A BMI calculator is available at http://wwwcdc gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/indexhtm

Oklahoma BRFSS

Figure IV40

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

Figure IV41 Prevalence of Adults who are Overweight, US and Oklahoma, 19882005
50
US OK

Adults with a BMI of 2529 are considered overweight The national trends of overweight prevalence have remained stable at roughly 350 since 1994 Figure IV41 The proportions of Oklahoma adults who were
overweight have remained stable and consistent with the national trends Adults with a BMI 30 are considered obese The national obesity trend, however, has more than doubled since 1990 Figure IV42 Since 1998, the proportions of Oklahoma adults who were obese have exceeded the national averages 60100 each year except for 2000 For the past 5 years 20012005, the proportions of Oklahoma adults who were overweight or
Prevalence

40 30 20 1 0 0

Figure IV42 Prevalence of Adults who are Obese, US and Oklahoma, 1988 2005
US OK

30 25 20 1 5 1 0 5 0

Figure IV43 Oklahoma Adults by Weight Status and Year, 2001 2005
N o rmal Ov rw eig ht 2 2 9 3 58 2 4 4 3 6 1 2 4 9 3 6 1 Ob ese 2 6 8

obese have increased 21 Figure IV43 In addition, within a single year from 2004 to 2005, an additional estimated 57,800 Oklahoma adults were classified into the obese category Overweight / Obesity, Gender and Age In 2005, the prevalence of overweight or obesity was lower among females, 556, than males adults, 702 The prevalence of obesity by

100 80 60 40 20 0
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 3 8 4 4 13 3 9 5 3 9 0 3 71 2 2 6 3 9 0

3 6 1

Figure IV44 Oklahoma Adults by Weight Status, Gender and Age, 2005 Gender and Age, 2005
Normal Overweight 264 292 431 472 299 1834 3564 224 304 381 443 Obese 203

1 00

Prevalence

gender was similar, 271 vs 264, while male adults were significantly more likely to be overweight than female adults, 431 vs 292 Figure IV44 For the past three years 2003

80 60 40 20 0

271

320

404

298 M ale

393

Female

65 or more

Oklahoma BRFSS

2005, these weight disparities
Figure IV45

Similar trends existed by household incomes Figure IV46 Obesity was most prevalent among adults with the lowest three income levels, while higher income adults were more likely to be overweight Furthermore, adults ages 3564 with incomes less than 50,000 had the highest prevalence of obesity Overweight / Obesity, Race and Ethnicity African Americans had the highest prevalence of overweight, 405, while the obesity prevalence was highest among American Indians NH, 362 Figure IV47 In addition, the largest proportions of adults who were obese were among American Indians NH ages 1834 and 3564, 310 and 444, respectively Overweight /
Obesity, Employment Status and Job Types Adults who were unable to work were more likely to report obesity, 408, than overweight, 274 The proportion of adults reporting overweight was significantly larger

have remained consistent between gender
Ob ese 2 2 3

Okla hom a Adults by W eight Status and Education, 2005
N or mal Over w eight 2 9 3 3 59 3 4 8 Hig h scho o l 28 0 354 36 6 So me co lleg e

100 80 60 40 20 0
Less t han HS 4 2 5 2 6 3 3 12

In 2005, Oklahoma adults ages 3564 were more likely to be overweight or obese than persons

3 9 9

3 78 C o lleg e

ages 65 and above, 701 vs 607, respectively, or young adults ages 1834, 528 Figure IV44 In addition, one in three adults ages 3564 was obese, as compared to one in five young adults or elders Overweight / Obesity, Education and Household Income Weight differences existed by education and annual household income levels Oklahoma adults with high school education were more obese, 293, than their peers with other education levels combined, 255 Figure IV45 In addition, the highest prevalence of obesity was among adults ages 3564 with high school or less education, 361

Figure IV46 Oklahoma Adults by Weight Status and Annual Household Income, 2005
Normal Overweig ht 30 2 2 89 2 52 Ob ese 22 7

100

Prevalence

80 60 40 20 0

28 6 29 1

351

3 73

4 20

40 5

42 3

34 7

3 39

3 29

36 8

Less than 15,0 00 2 5,0 0 0 50 ,00 0 75,00 0 1 5,00 0 2 4,9 99 4 9 ,9 99 74 ,99 9

Figure IV47

Okla hom a Adults by W eight Status and Race / Ethnicity, 20 05
N o r mal Overw eight 2 80 3 62 2 4 3 3 56 3 50 4 0 1 Ob ese 2 77

1 00 80 60 40 20 0
Cauc asi an A f r ic anA m A m Indi an Hispanic M ult ic ul

2 61 358

4 05

3 9 1

3 81

3 15

2 88

3 3 3

Oklahoma BRFSS

contents introduction methodology demographics health status health care access health prevalence modifiable behaviors preventive services

than obesity among the following groups: the employed for wages 369 vs 287, respectively, the self employed 413 vs 211, respectively, the homemaker 330 vs 233, respectively, and the retired, 402 vs 228, respectively Figure IV48 only shows the obesity prevalence The highest prevalence of obesity was among adults whose jobs involve mostly sitting or standing, 292
This was especially true among African American NH and American Indian NH, 344 and 335, respectively, as compared to other racial / ethnic groups Overweight / Obesity and Geographical Region In 20032005, the largest proportions of adults who were obese were in the Southeast, Northeast and Southwest regions, 271278 Adults in these regions were significantly more likely to be obese than adults in the Tulsa region, 223 Figure IV49 Obesity is an important factor for many chronic diseases We may improve the

health of Oklahomans by fighting obesity In order to combat obesity, it is important to examine the modifiable health risk factors that are commonly believed to also help with weight management, such as leisure time physical inactivity, smoking, drinking, and fruit and vegetable intake Overweight / Obesity and Physical Inactivity Obesity is highly associated with physical inactivity In 2005, obese adults were 272277 more likely to report no leisuretime physical activity than normal or overweight adults in Oklahoma Figure IV50 Overweight / Obesity and Smoking In 2005, overweight or obese adults were significantly more likely to have smoked
in the past former smokers than normal weight adults, 271 275 vs 191 Figure IV51 However, normal weight persons were more likely to be current smokers than overweight and obese

Figure IV48 Adult Obesity by Employment Status, Oklahoma 2005
U nab le t o W o rk R et ired St ud ent Ho memaker U nemp lo y 0 12 mt hs U nemp lo y 1 year Self emp lo yed Emp lo yed w ag es 0
2 2 8 189 2 3 3 2 6 8 2 5 9 211 2 8 7 40 8

2 0

3 0

4 0

P e r c e n t

Figure IV49 Adults Who Are Obese, by Region, Oklahoma 2003 2005

Figure IV50 Adults Reporting Leisure Time Physical Inactivity by Weight, Oklahoma 2005
40 30 20 10 0 Normal Overweight Obese
279 278 355

Oklahoma BRFSS

persons because this group of persons was more likely to be younger adults who were more likely to involve in current smoking Adults who were unable to work were more likely to report obesity, 408, than overweight, 274 Overweight / Obesity and Drinking Although alcoholism has been reported to be
31 associated with obesity, Oklahoma BRFSS

Figure IV51 Adults Reporting Formerly or Currently Smoking by Weight, Oklahoma 2005
40
Form erly sm oking
Currently sm oking

Percent

30 20 1 0 0
Normal Overweight Obese
294 191 271 234 275 224

data did not demonstrate the association The prevalence of binge drinking or chronic drinking was similar between the weight categories Figure IV52

Figure IV52

African Americans had the highest prevalence of overweight, 405, while the obesity prevalence was highest among American Indians NH, 362

Overweight / Obesity, Fruits and Vegetable Intake Adults who were obese were the least likely to report taking five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, 143, as compared to the overweight and normal weight adults, 152 and 168, respectively

Adults At Risk for Alcoholism Adults Reporting Alcohol Drinking by by Weight Status Ok 2005 Weight, Oklahoma 2005
Binge Drinking Chronic Drinking

1 5

Prevalence

1 0
130

5 0
31

130 33

122 30

Normal

Overweight

Obese

Oklahoma BRFSS

Source:ok.gov