options so people with diabetes can live long and. healthy lives if they keep their diabetes under control. The impact of diabetes on New York City is tremendous. …
DIABETES
Is There a Cure for Diabetes?
There is currently no cure for diabetes, but diabetes can be treated and managed There are many treatment options so people with diabetes can live long and healthy lives if they keep their diabetes under control Researchers continue to make advances with the hope of one day finding a cure
DIABETES
National Diabetes Education Program NDEP
wwwcdcgov/diabetes/projects/ndepshtm
800-438-5383
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
wwwniddknihgov
The impact of diabetes on New York City is tremendous According to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 450,000 adults in New York City know they have diabetes Nationally, one-third of all diabetes is undiagnosed, suggesting that another 225,000 New Yorkers have diabetes and do not know it This means that approximately 675,000 people in our city have diabetes Unfortunately, the incidence of diabetes is on the rise In the past 8 years, the rate of diabetes has doubled among adults in New York City, from less than 4 to nearly 8 Diabetes does not impact all groups equally In New York City, the prevalence of diabetes is higher in Hispanic Americans 122, African
Americans 108 and Asian Americans 68 than Whites 5 The risk of diabetes increases with age Nearly one in five New Yorkers age 65 and over reports having diabetes The risk also increases with weight New Yorkers who are overweight or obese have a much greater chance of getting diabetes While diabetes is serious, common and costly, it is also controllable If you or someone you care about has diabetes, I hope that you find the information in this brochure helpful As always, please feel free to contact me if I can be of assistance Sincerely, Gifford Miller
For More Information:
Diabetes Prevention and Control Program
800-GET-LEVEL
National Eye Institute NEI
wwwneinihgov
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
wwwnycgov/health/diabetes
Call 311
American Diabetes Association
wwwdiabetesorg
301-496-5248 or 800-869-2020 to order materials
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
wwwjdrforg
800-DIABETES
Diabetes Control and Prevention Program
800-533-CURE
American Dietetic Association
wwweatrightorg/Public/
New York State Department of Health
wwwhealthstatenyus/nysdoh/consumer/diabetes/ condiabhtm
800-877-1600
GIFFORD MILLER, SPEAKER
5th District,
Manhattan
518-474-1222
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
wwwcdcgov/diabetes
AJ041504BCallDiabetes
877-CDC-DIAB
Visit wwwcouncilnycnyus for more information on the New York City Council
336 East 73rd St, Suite C New York, NY 10021 Phone: 212-535-5554
THE NEW YORK CITY COUNCIL
GIFFORD MILLER, SPEAKER
INFORMATION FOR YOU AND YOUR FAMILY
DIABETES
Dear New Yorker,
DIABETESWhat Is Diabetes?
INFORMATION
Type 1 Diabetes
FOR
YOU
AND
YOUR
FAMILY
Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies When you have diabetes, your body either doesnt make enough insulin or cant use its own insulin as well as it should This causes sugars to build up in your blood Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart attacks, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, and foot problems Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States
What Are the Types and Risk Factors of Diabetes?
was previously called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM or juvenile-onset diabetes Type 1 diabetes
may account for 5 to 10 of all diagnosed cases of diabetes Risk factors are less well defined for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes, but autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in the development of this type
How Is Diabetes Treated?
People with diabetes should work with a doctor to plan appropriate management strategies Diabetes knowledge, prevention and treatment strategies advance daily Treatment is aimed at keeping blood glucose near normal levels at all times Training in diabetes selfmanagement is a critical part of diabetes treatment Treatment must be individualized to meet each persons medi 
cal and lifestyle needs
A: A1c should be less than 7 A1c measures average blood sugar levels over 3 months B: Blood pressure should be less than 130/80 C: Cholesterol LDL or bad cholesterol should be less than 100 People with diabetes can also prevent problems by controlling weight, being physically active, getting eye, foot, kidney and dental exams every year, and by getting a flu shot every year and a one-time pneumonia shot
Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes:
In type 1, the pancreas no longer produces insulin Therefore, from the moment of diagnosis, people with
type 1 must take insulin for life Type 1 is particularly difficult to control and treatment requires a strict regimen that typically includes a carefully calculated diet, planned physical activity, home blood glucose testing several times a day, and multiple daily insulin injections
Type 2 Diabetes
What Are the Symptoms of Diabetes?
Only a health care provider can check to see if you have diabetes People with diabetes might have some or none of the following symptoms: Frequent urination Excessive thirst Unexplained weight loss Extreme hunger Sudden vision changes Tingling or numbness in hands or feet Feeling very tired much of the time Very dry skin Sores that are slow to heal More infections than usual Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pains type 1 diabetes only It is also possible to have diabetes and have no symptoms at all People who think they might have diabetes must visit a physician for diagnosis
was previously called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90 to 95 of all diagnosed cases of diabetes Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, history of
gestational diabetes, physical inactivity and race/ethnicity Type 2 diabetes is more common in African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Native Americans and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders
How Does Smoking Impact Diabetes?
Quitting smoking is the most important thing you can do for your health Smoking is the 1 cause of preventable death in New York City and it has many negative health effects, particularly for people with diabetes To help you stop smoking, the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation offers free smoking cessation counseling and free medications at 14 convenient locations throughout the city Call 311 for more information
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes:
Treatment typically includes diet control, physical activity, home blood glucose testing, and in some cases, oral medication and/or insulin Approximately 40 of people with type 2 diabetes require insulin injections
Gestational Diabetes
develops in 2 to 5 of all pregnancies but usually disappears when a pregnancy is over Gestational diabetes occurs more frequently in African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Native Americans, and people with a family history of diabetes Obesity is also a risk factor
for gestational diabetes Women who have had gestational diabetes are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes Some studies suggest that nearly 40 of women with a history of gestational diabetes develop type 2 in the future
How Can Diabetes Complications Be Prevented?
Diabetes affects many parts of the body and can lead to serious complications such as heart attacks, stroke, blindness, kidney problems, and amputations People with diabetes can work with their health care providers to reduce these complications that CAN be prevented by controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels Adults with diabetes can prevent complications by knowing and controlling the ABCs:
How Can Diabetes Be Prevented?
Research studies have found that lifestyle changes can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes Modest weight loss 510 of total body weight and increased physical activity reduce the risk of developing diabetes by 60 in people at high risk There are no known methods to prevent type 1 diabetes
Other Specific Types of Diabetes
result from specific genetic syndromes, surgery, drugs, malnutrition, infections, and other illnesses These types of diabetes account
for about 1 of all diagnosed cases of diabetes
