Entitled Diabetes Prevention’ and held from noon to 1 p.m., the first session on “Type II diabetes occurs often without any manifestation of symptoms,” she said. …
UNIT 7 - ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Diseases and Disorders of the Endocrine System
A Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a hypersecretion of the growth hormone during adulthood
Characteristics of this disease include enlargement of the bones of
the hands, feet, jaws, and cheeks A prominent forehead and large
nose are also typical features of this disease
B Cretinism
Cretinism is the hyposecretion of the thyroid hormones during infancy
and childhood which results in low metabolism, retarded growth, and
often mental retardation It is treated with synthetic hormones which
prevent the onset of symptoms
C Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus Is the inability of the body to regulate ones blood
glucose level Type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs when the body fails to
produce sufficient insulin Type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs when the
body cells become resistant to the effects of insulin The most
common reasons diabetes mellitus occurs in the United States are poor
nutrition, inadequate exercise, and increasing obesity rates The
major symptoms include polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria Type 1
diabetes mellitus is controlled with insulin injections and diet
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is controlled with diet, weight loss, pills
to improve the effect of insulin, and sometimes insulin injections
D Dwarfism
Dwarfism is due to a hyposecretion of the growth hormone during
childhood resulting in a small person who has a body frame of normal
proportions
E Gigantism
Gigantism is due to a hypersecretion of the growth hormone during
childhood resulting in a person who grows to a very large size
F Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is due to the hypersecretion of the thyroid hormones
There is a dramatic increase in the metabolic rate which results in
weight loss, increased appetite, irritability, restless, and active
Many patients have characteristic protruding eyeballs or exophthalmos
It is treated with medications to reduce the production of the
thyroid hormone or sometimes radiation to destroy part of the thyroid
gland reducing its secretions
G Hypothyroidism / Myxedema
Hypothyroidism is due to the hyposecretion of the thyroid hormones
It may be the result of
inadequate iodine intake or unknown causes
The adult form of hypothyroidism is called myxedema which leads to
reduced mental and physical energy, loss of hair, swelling, and weight
gain It is treated with a synthetic thyroid hormone
