Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality In the United States, diabetes has a prevalence rate of 4 Type 2 diabetes can largely be …
Chronic Conditions
Diabetes
Stage 2 Epidemiological Series Report 2007-04 April 2007
Introduction
The following overview presents the prevalence and incidence of diabetes among the participants of the North West Adelaide Health Study, and the demographic and risk factors associated with diabetes Stage 1 baseline examination was conducted between 2000 and 2003, with Stage 2 second examination conducted from 2004 to 2006
Measurement and definition of diabetes
People with diabetes were defined as those who had a fasting plasma glucose FPG level of at least 70mmol/L or those who self-reported having been told by a doctor that they have diabetes
Incidence of diabetes
The annual incidence of diabetes between Stage 1 and Stage 2 was 68 incident cases per 1000 in the adult population
The prevalence of diabetes in Stage 1 was 66 compared to 72 in Stage 2
Prevalence of diabetes Stage 1 Stage 2
The prevalence of diabetes is shown in Table 1 Overall in Stage 1, 66 95 CI 58-74 and in Stage 2, 72 95 CI 63-81 of study participants had diabetes Table 1: Prevalence of diabetes
Stage 1 No diabetes Diabetes Total n 3793 267 4060 934 66 1000 n 2949 228 3178 Stage 2 928 72 1000
Note:
Stage 2 28 participants did not provide blood and were excluded
Transition to and from diabetes
Overall, 21 of respondents who did not have diabetes in Stage 1, had diabetes in Stage 2
Overall, 21 95 CI 17-27 went from having not having diabetes in Stage 1 to having diabetes in Stage 2 There was also a proportion of respondents who reported that they had diabetes in Stage 1 but did not have diabetes in Stage 2 08; 95 CI 05-11 The results are summarised in Table 2 Table 2: The transition to and from diabetes
Stage 1 No diabetes No diabetes Diabetes Diabetes Total Stage 2 No diabetes Diabetes Diabetes No diabetes n 2925 68 160 24 3178 921 21 50 08 1000
Some respondents that went from diabetes to no diabetes, or from no diabetes to diabetes, typically just qualified as having diabetes, and could be added to the no diabetes/no diabetes group
Demographic profile of people with diabetes
The prevalence of diabetes was statistically significantly higher among those who were in the older age groups, adults living alone or without children or those in a step, sole or shared parenting relationship, those separated, divorced or widowed, or those retired or undertaking home duties The
prevalence was statistically significantly lower among those who were female, had never been married, had an income greater than 20,000, or had an education level above secondary Table 3 Table 3: Univariate Odds Ratios for demographic variables associated with diabetes
Variable Sex Male Female Age group 20 to 49 years 50 to 59 years 60 years and over Highest education level obtained Secondary Trade/apprenticeship/cert/diploma Bachelor degree or higher Gross annual household income Up to 20,000 20,001- 40,000 40,001- 60,000 More than 60,000 Family structure Family children, 2 biological/adoptive parents Adult living with partner, no children Adult living alone Adults related/unrelated, living together Step/sole/shared parenting other Marital status Married or living with partner Separated/divorced Widowed Never married Work status Full time employed Part time/casual employed Unemployed Home duties/retired Student/other
Not stated category not reported
n 129/1559 99/1618 37/1837 53/534 139/806 130/1416 78/1169 13/545 89/601 67/724 29/686 25/1039
83 61 20 99 172 92 67 24 148 92 42 24
OR 100 073 100 532 1009 100 071 024 100 058 025 014
95 CI
p value
055-0 
95
002
345-820
695-1466
0001 0001
Diabetes was significantly more likely to be among those who were: male; in older age groups; adults living in a house without children or those in a step, sole or shared parenting arrangement; separated, divorced or widowed; retired or undertaking home duties
053-095 014-043
002 0001
042-082 016-039 009-023
0002 0001 0001
44/1198 84/847 50/427 22/336 21/330 151/2124 29/272 34/210 12/564 49/1432 18/529 3/76 150/982 7/149
37 99 118 66 63 71 107 164 21 34 33 42 153 47
100 288 350 184 176 100 157 257 029 100 098 125 514 142
198-419 230-533 109-311 103- 301
0001 0001 002 004
104-239 172-384 016-052
003 0001 0001
056-170 039-397 368-718 063-317
093 070 0001 040
Self reported risk factor profile of people with and without diabetes
The prevalence of diabetes was statistically significantly lower among those who undertook some level of physical activity Table 4 Table 4: Univariate Odds Ratios for self-reported risk factor variables associated with diabetes
Variable Physical activity Sedentary Undertakes some level of exercise n 89/838 115/2057 106 56 OR 100 050 95 CI p value
Diabetes was significantly less likely among those who did some
exercise
037-067
0001
Dont know/ refused/ not stated category not reported
Diabetes was significantly more likely to be among those who were overweight, obese or those who had high blood pressure
Measured risk factor profile of people with and without diabetes
The prevalence of diabetes was statistically significantly higher among those who were overweight or obese, those who had a high waist hip ratio, or high blood pressure The prevalence was statistically significantly lower among those who had high cholesterol Table 5 Table 5: Univariate Odds Ratios for measured risk factor variables associated with diabetes
Variable BMI Underweight/normal Overweight Obese Waist/hip ratio 10 men, 085 women No Yes High blood pressure 140/90mmHg No Yes High total cholesterol 55mmol/L No Yes n 33/1056 85/1188 110/932 110/2415 116/734 117/2341 109/810 166/1877 60/1288 31 72 118 46 158 50 135 88 47 OR 100 241 419 95 CI p value
160-364 281-625
0001 0001
392 100 295 100 050
297-516
0001
224-388
0001
037-068
0001
Quality of life profile of people with diabetes
People with diabetes scored significantly lower all dimensions of the SF-36
Figure 1 shows the mean scores of the SF-36
subscales for people who did and did not have diabetes People with diabetes scored statistically significantly lower on all dimensions of the SF-36 than people without diabetes
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Physical Functioning
No Diabetes
Diabetes
Score
Role Physical
Bodily Pain
General Health
Vitality
Social Functioning
Role Emotional
Mental Health
SF36 Dimension
Figure 1: SF-36 mean scores for people who did and did not have diabetes
This document is one of a series of reports concerning Stage 2 of the North West Adelaide Health Study Please see website for other reports in the series - wwwhealthsagovau/pros/ CONTACT DETAILS: Population Research Outcome Studies Unit South Australian Department of Health PO Box 287 Rundle Mall Level 8 CitiCentre, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide SA 5000 Telephone 08 8226 7042 Facsimile 08 8226 6244 Email: pros@healthsagovau Acknowledgment is made of the contribution to the success of the study by research, clinic and recruiting staff, and for the generosity of the NWAHS participants in the giving of their time and effort
Source:health.sa.gov.au
