Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases are Diabetes (CAMDI), sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which also …
Preliminary Results:
Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and Their Risk Factors in the Municipality of Villa Nueva, Guatemala
Background
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases are increasing rapidly in the developing world, particularly in urban areas This study is part of the Central American Initiative in Diabetes CAMDI, sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization PAHO, which also includes Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua
Population Studied
The survey was conducted in the municipality of Villa Nueva, department of Guatemala This municipality was selected because it brings together various socioeconomic and cultural strata The location of the survey in a municipality will provide the opportunity of designating it as demonstration site for the measurement of the impact of the future activities The study was crosssectional and descriptive, with a stratified multistage sampling, in 1397 subjects older than 19 years of age The survey included an interview based on a questionnaire structured into 12 sections identification, health status and family history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cholesterol, other chronic diseases, food
consumption, tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, bodyweight and personal data; anthropometric measures weight and height and waist and hip circumferences; blood pressure; and, biochemical analyses Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and Triglycerides
Main Results
The response rate was 53 and the biochemical test was performed with 74 of the participants Of the total sample, 67 were women and 55 were less than 40 years old All the following results were weighed in accordance with the population older than 19 years of age in Villa Nueva Overall, 8 of participants presented diabetes mellitus includes previously diagnosed individuals, with fasting blood glucose equal or greater of 126 mgdL or with 2h-OGTT equal or greater of 200 mgdL,; and 13, hypertension includes previously diagnosed individuals or with blood pressure equal or greater of 140/90 The most common diabetes and hypertension risk factor was the excess weight Body Mass Index of 25 kgm2 or more 56, followed by little physical activity less than 150 minutes per week 51, hypercholesterolemia blood cholesterol of 200 mg dL or more 35,
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smoking current smokers 16 and Impair Glucose Tolerance IGT or
Impair Fasting Glucose IFG FBG of between 110 and 125 mg dL or 2H-OGTT between 140 and // 199 mg dL 11
Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and Their Risk Factors in Villa Nueva, Guatemala, 2003
Diabetes
8 13 56 51 35 16 11
Hypertension Overw eight Lack of physical activity Cholesterol Sm oking IFG or IGT
The diabetes-prevalence rate was four times higher–and that of hypertension, 9 times higher– in people 40 and over 40 than among those ages 20-39 Overweight and high cholesterol also increased with age The frequency of a low level of physical activity affected both people of both age groups alike, and the prevalence of smoking was higher among the younger
Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and Their Risk Factors in Villa Nueva, Guatemala, 2003
63 49 52 51 45 29 17 4 Diabetes 2 Hypertension Overw eight Lack of physical activity Cholesterol Sm oking 18 17 14
20-39 yrs
40 yrs
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Diabetes was more frequent among men 9 than among women 7 The proportion of undiagnosed diabetes was greater among men 56 than among women 39 This means that around 3 out of every 5 men and 2 out of every 5 women who had diabetes did not know they had it
Prevalence of Diabetes and
Hypertension by Gender in Villa Nueva, Guatemala, 2003
4
5
3
New
Known
8 10 4
Men Wom en
4
Men
4
Wom en
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Hypertension was more frequent among women 14 than among men 12 The proportion of undiagnosed hypertensives was twice as great among men 63 than among women 28 This means that around 2 out of every 3 men and 1 out of every 3 women who had hypertension did not know they had it
Conclusion
In conclusion, the prevalence rates for diabetes mellitus and hypertension detected in Villa Nueva are of great importance for public health in Guatemala, since, for example, the prevalence of diabetes found is similar to the rate reported in Mexico City 87 and greater than the rates found in other cities of Latin America, such as La Paz, Bolivia 57; Santiago, Chile 65; Bogotá, Colombia 74; and Asunción, Paraguay 65 These results suggest that new types of actions are needed to prevent and control diabetes in Guatemala
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Source:paho.org
