Complications of diabetes can include progressive kidney disease, cardiovascular Diabetes has become the number one cause of end-stage renal disease in the …
National Inventors Hall of Fame
Meet the Inventors
2001 Web Cast
Post-Visit Curriculum
Overview:
Having completed the first round of reagent strip testing and watched the
live web cast with Dr Helen Free, students will resume urinalysis, this
time searching for urine components that can indicate some of the common
complications of diabetes Complications of diabetes can include
progressive kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension
Utilizing two types of reagent strips, students will test for blood,
protein, nitrites, leukocytes, microalbumin, creatinine, and glucose All
of these components can indicate some type of diabetic complication
Background Information:
Diabetes has become the number one cause of end-stage renal disease in
the United States and Europe
The earlier that kidney disease is caught and treated, the more
successful the outcome
Diabetic nephropathy kidney damage is a progressive disease that
eventually leads to chronic renal kidney failure and ends in end-
stage renal disease requiring either
dialysis or kidney transplant
In diabetic nephropathy, control of blood pressure is as important as
control of blood glucose levels High blood pressure will affect and
worsen kidney, eye, and vascular disease
In the early stages of kidney damage, small amounts of protein
albumin can be detected in urinalysis This condition is called
microalbuminuria Controlling blood glucose and blood pressure during
this early phase will help prevent the progression of diabetes-related
kidney disease
Strokes, heart attacks, and vascular disease are two to ten times more
frequent in diabetics than in non-diabetics
The use of reagent strips such as Multistix and Clinitek
Microalbumin Strips allows the early detection of abnormal levels of
urine components indicating kidney damage
A urine reagent strip is a long, thin plastic strip with one to nine
reagent pads that are chemically treated to be sensitive to the
components being tested for When the reagent pad is exposed to urine
containing these components, a chemical reaction occurs which causes
the pad to change color The color is then
compared to the color
chart on the reagent strip bottle that shows the amount of the
components in the urine, ranging from negative to a large amount
detected
Glucose in the urine is a warning sign of diabetes
Protein in the urine called proteinuria is an important indicator of
kidney damage or disease
The detection of blood in the urine may indicate either infection or
trauma to the kidney or urinary tract
Leukocytes white blood cells are usually present if there is a
urinary tract infection
Nitrites indicate a possible urinary tract infection
Key Concepts:
Diabetic nephropathy kidney damage is a progressive disease that can
lead to end-stage renal disease requiring either dialysis or kidney
transplant
Early and regular blood and urine testing for abnormal levels of
certain components lessens the probability of end stage renal disease
Reagent strips enable early detection of a number of potential problem
urine components
Objectives:
Students will:
Research and record complications of diabetes and how these might be
detected through urinalysis
Perform reagent strip
testing using synthetic urine
Compare and contrast urine components utilizing color charts and
reagent strips
Record disease possibilities based upon reagent strip results and
earlier research
Materials:
Multistix 10SG 1 bottle per class
Clinitek Microalbumin strips 2 bottles per class
Color Charts for Clinitek Microalbumin strips 2 per class, called
Microalbustix
Test tubes containing synthetic urine tablet 3 6 per class
Paper Cups 8 ounce-6 per class provided by classroom
Step-by-Step Instructions:
1 Students work in pairs for this activity
2 Teacher begins activity by explaining that students will continue
urinalysis, this time looking for urine components that will indicate
diabetic complications
3 Prior to conducting urinalysis, student pairs conduct research
detailing complications of diabetes and how these might be detected
using urinalysis Research may be pursued at these web sites:
http://ummdrkoopcom/conditions/ency/article/000494htm
http://visitdrtopatientcom/drjanebridges/readarticleasp?articl
e650
wwwosborngroupcom/microlibhtm
wwwlabessentialscom/URS_Parametershtm
4 Upon completing research, each student pair is given one Multistix
10SG strip and one Clinitek Microalbumin reagent strip
5 Before sample preparation and testing begin, students watch streaming
video wwwinventorg explaining test procedures
6 Student pairs utilize their two reagent strips to test synthetic urine
test tube 3
7 Students record test results and use test results and previous
research to reach conclusions on any diabetic complications/illnesses
that are indicated
8 Students and teacher discuss results of testing and research
Discussion:
Students and teacher discuss the complications of diabetes and the testing
and methods of reducing these complications Further questions and
comments may be formulated and e-mailed to Dr Helen Free through the link
found at wwwinventorg/inventor
Source:dce.org
