Diabetes Mellitus Study Guide
Complete the following Pre-Class Activity prior to Endocrine Lecture
A Review anatomy and physiology of pancreatic function
Make a simple diagram or concept map of the role of insulin and
glucagon in the body
B Define the following terminology related to diabetes and discuss the
cause
1 Basal insulin no cause
2 Hyperglycemia
3 Insulin resistance
4 Polyuria
5 Polyphagia
6 Polydipsia
7 Dawn phenomenon
8 Ketosis
C Differentiate the pathophysiology and signs and symptoms of Type I
and Type2 diabetes
1 Define and summarize the etiologic differences between type 1 and type
2 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 DM
Type 2 DM
2 Compare and contrast the distinguishing features of type 1 and type 2
diabetes mellitus DM by completing the table below
|Features Type 1 Type 2 |
| |
|Insulin status |
|
|
|Treatment |
| |
|Age |
| |
|Clinical |
|Presentation |
| |
|Treatment |
| |
|Body weight |
| |
Former names
D Describe the difference in onset, peak and duration of effect among
different types of insulins
For each of the various types of insulin listed below, identify the brand
name, onset, peak, and duration
Insulin Classification/
Generic Name Brand Name Onset Peak
Duration
Hour Hour
Hour
Rapid-Acting
Insulin Aspart
Insulin Lispro
Short-Acting
Regular Insulin
Buffered Regular
Insulin
Intermediate Acting
Human Insulin
Isophane
Human Insulin
Zinc
Long-Acting
Human insulin
Extended zinc
Insulin glargine
E Describe the action, and nursing implications of oral antidiabetic
agents first generation, second generation, biguanides, alpha-
glucosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones
Below, identify the five classifications of oral hypoglycemic agents, as
well as specific medications and mechanism of action for each
classification
Classification Medications Mechanism of
Action
F Differentiate between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia; diabetic
ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
DKA
HHNS
G Describe the long-term chronic complications of diabetes and the
prevention of these complications
Macrovascular
Cardiovascular
Cerebrovascular
Peripheral Vascular
Microvascular
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Source:fiu.edu
