Diabetes Treatments

Diabetes in California: Findings from the. 2001 California Diabetes Prevalence in Latino/Hispanic Ethnic Groups, Adults Ages 18 and Over, California, 2001 …

Diabetes in California:
Findings from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey
Allison L Diamant, MD, MSHS Susan H Babey, PhD E Richard Brown, PhD Neetu Chawla, MPH

April 2003

UCLA CENTER FOR HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH

Funded by a grant from The California Endowment

Diabetes in California:
Findings from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey

Allison L Diamant, MD, MSHS Susan H Babey, PhD E Richard Brown, PhD Neetu Chawla, MPH

April 2003

UCLA Center for Health Policy Research 10911 Weyburn Avenue, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90024 wwwhealthpolicyuclaedu

21650 Oxnard Street, Suite 1200 Woodland Hills, California 91367 wwwcalendoworg

The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, the Regents of the University of California, The California Endowment, or other CHIS 2001 funding agencies

Citation: AL Diamant, SH Babey, ER Brown, N Chawla Diabetes in California: Findings from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 2003 Copyright 2003 The Regents of the University of California All Rights Reserved The UCLA Center for Health Policy
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Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose. levels you have diabetes, your body you know if you have diabetes? Are you often thirsty, hungry, …

Prevent and Control Diabetes

What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies When you have diabetes, your body either doesnt make enough insulin or cant use its own insulin as well as it should This causes sugar to build up in your blood

Who develops diabetes?

Anyone can develop diabetes, but it is more common in people who are: Overweight Not physically active Hispanic/Latino and other ethnicities Or who have: A family member with diabetes Had diabetes when pregnant Blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes pre-diabetes

Diabetes can occur at any age but the risk increases as you grow older

Why is it important to control Diabetes ? Because diabetes can affect any part of the body

How do you know if you have diabetes?
How do you know if you have diabetes? Are you often thirsty, hungry, or tired? Do you urinate often? Do you have sores that heal slowly,
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Have your blood pressure checked at every diabetes visit. Lower your risk of developing diabetes-related health problems, like …

Diabetes Mellitus DM

Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes: 2003 ADA Guidelines
Plasma Glucose level mg/dL Stage of Glycemic Control Normal IFG or IGT Diabetes Fasting Plasma Glucose 100 100 - 125 140 - 199 126 200 OGTT 2-hr Postload Glucose 140

Third criterion: 200 mg/dL casual plasma glucose regardless of the time since last meal plus symptoms of diabetes polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss ADA, Diabetes Care 26:2003

Classification of Various Hyperglycemias
DIABETES MELLITUS DM
Type 1 diabetes:
Immune Mediated Idiopathic

Type 2 diabetes: individuals with insulin resistance who

usually have relative rather than absolute insulin deficiency obese or non-obese Pancreatic disease Endocrinopathies Drug-induced

Other types of diabetes:

Gestational Diabetes GDM

IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IGT

Major Characteristics of Types 1 and 2 Diabetes
Features
Age at onset Proportion of all diabetes Seasonal trend Appearance of symptoms Metabolic Ketoacidosis Obesity at onset ß-Cells Insulin

Type 1 DM
Usually 40 About 10 Fall and Winter Acute or subacute Frequent Uncommon Decreased Decreased or absent

Type 2 DM
Usually 40 About 90 None Slow or subacute Rare Common
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Estimated total prevalence of diabetes in. people aged 20 years or older, by age group In people with diabetes, however, the. pancreas either produces …

Estimated total prevalence of diabetes in. people aged 20 years or older, by age group In people with diabetes, however, the. pancreas either produces …

Diabetes
Overview

National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse
Almost everyone knows someone who has diabetes An estimated 208 million people in the United States–70 percent of the population–have diabetes, a serious, lifelong condition Of those, 146 million have been diagnosed, and 62 million have not yet been diagnosed In 2005, about 15 million people aged 20 or older were diagnosed with diabetes For additional statistics, see the National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet online at wwwdiabetesniddknih gov/dm/pubs/statistics or call the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse at 18008608747 to request a copy

What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism– the way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy Most of the food we eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach When we eat, the pancreas automatically produces the right amount of insulin to move
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have diabetes but do not yet know it. report, Diabetes in New York City: of the diabetes epidemic in NYC and the large disparities in its impact on …

have diabetes but do not yet know it. report, Diabetes in New York City: of the diabetes epidemic in NYC and the large disparities in its impact on …

DIABETES IN NEW YORK CITY:
PUBLIC HEALTH BURDEN
AND

DISPARITIES

Diabetes in New York City: Public Health Burden and Disparities

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Letter from the Commissioner Executive Summary Introduction Chapter 1 Prevalence 1-1 Chapter 2 obesity and related Risk factors 2-1 Chapter 3 morbidity: Hospitalizations and end-stage renal disease 3-1 Chapter 4 Mortality 4-1 Chapter 5 Health Care Indicators 5-1 Chapter 6 Diabetes During Pregnancy6-1 APPENDIX A ABOUT THE DATA apxa-1 APPENDIX B NEIGHBORHOOD TABLES AND MAPS apxb-1 references ref-1

Suggested Citation: Kim M, Berger D, Matte T Diabetes in New York City: Public Health Burden and Disparities New York: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2006

June 2007

Dear Fellow New Yorkers: Diabetes is epidemic in New York City Diabetes prevalence has more than doubled over the past 10 years More than half a million adult New Yorkers have diagnosed diabetes and an additional 200,000 have diabetes but do not yet know it Diabetes and diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease are leading causes of death in NYC About two-thirds of people with diabetes die from cardiovascular events This report, Diabetes in New
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Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are …

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are …

Diabetes

Introduction to Diabetes

1 Introduction to Diabetes
Created: July 7, 2004

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of sugar glucose in the blood When the amount of glucose in the blood increases, eg, after a meal, it triggers the release of the hormone insulin from the pancreas Insulin stimulates muscle and fat cells to remove glucose from the blood and stimulates the liver to metabolize glucose, causing the blood sugar level to decrease to normal levels [http://wwwncbinlmnihgov:80/books/bvfcgi?callbvView ShowSectionridmcbfiggrp5903] In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high This may be because insulin is not being produced at all, is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be The most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes 5, which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes 95, which is associated with obesity Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation For many years, scientists have been searching for clues in our genetic makeup that may explain why some people are more likely to get
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diabetes: type 1, which results from an absolute insulin Furthermore, because poorly controlled diabetes can counsel their patients with diabetes about …

diabetes: type 1, which results from an absolute insulin Furthermore, because poorly controlled diabetes can counsel their patients with diabetes about …

ABSTRACT
Background Diabetes is a common disease with concomitant oral manifestations that impact dental care The purpose of this ADA J review is to summarize the prevalence, signs, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, as well as dental treatment considerations for the patient with diabetes N C Conclusions Safely managing the E D U A UING 1 RT patient with diabetes requires effective L E IC communication among multiple health care providers Dentists must be familiar with techniques to diagnose, treat and prevent stomatological disorders in patients with diabetes Practice Implications Dental practitioners will be treating more patients with diabetes in the future, and this article provides an overview of the systemic and oral aspects of the disease that impact dental treatment
A
T

Diabetes and oral health
An overview
JONATHAN A SHIP, DMD

iabetes mellitus is a syndrome of abnormal carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism that results in acute and chronic complications due to the absolute or relative lack of insulin There are three general categories of diabetes: type 1, which results from an absolute insulin deficiency; type 2, which is the result of insulin resistance
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Diabetes is classified into three. primary types that are different disease entities but for Health Care Professionals” by the American Diabetes Association. …

Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins because of a lack of, or ineffective use of, the hormone insulin Diabetes is classified into three primary types that are different disease entities but share the symptoms and complications of hyperglycemia high blood glucose Impaired glucose tolerance, formerly known as borderline diabetes is a degree of hyperglycemia that may precede type 2 diabetes I Type 1 previously called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM or juvenileonset diabetes A Causes 1 Genetic predisposition 2 Environmental exposure: virus, toxin, stress 3 Autoimmune reaction: beta-cells that produce insulin in the pancreas are destroyed When 80-90 of the beta-cells are destroyed, overt symptoms occur B Characteristics 1 Usually occurs before 30 years of age, but can occur at any age Peak incidence occurs during puberty, around 10-12 years of age in girls and 12-14 years in boys 2 Abrupt onset of signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia: increased thirst and hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, and fatigue 3 Ketosis prone C Treatment 1 Insulin by injection with syringes or
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contrast, people with “Type 1 diabetes” (previously called Whether a mother’s diabetes increases the chance Does diabetes lead to any pregnancy complications? …

contrast, people with “Type 1 diabetes” (previously called Whether a mother’s diabetes increases the chance Does diabetes lead to any pregnancy complications? …

For more information about the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists or to find a service in your area, call 866 626-6847 or visit us online at: wwwOTISpregnancyorg

Diabetes and Pregnancy
This sheet talks about the risks that diabetes can have during pregnancy With each pregnancy, all women have a 3 to 5 chance of having a baby with a birth defect This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your health care provider

What is diabetes? Diabetes is a condition in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin properly Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone in the blood that is necessary for providing our cells with energy to function Insulin helps sugar glucose move from the bloodstream into the cells When glucose cannot enter our cells, it builds up in the blood hyperglycemia This can lead to damage of organs including the eyes and kidneys, or damage of blood vessels and nerves Most people with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes, which means that the body does not produce enough insulin or the insulin is not able to transfer glucose into cells Type 2 diabetes used to be known as adult-onset diabetes In contrast,
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Provide information on the diabetes epidemic in the people with diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean the primary prevention of diabetes and its …

Provide information on the diabetes epidemic in the people with diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean the primary prevention of diabetes and its …

Diabetes in the Americas

Alberto Barcelo, MD, MSc Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC

Never have doctors known so much about how to prevent and control this disease, yet the epidemic keeps on raging
Christine Gorman Time Nov 30, 2003

Objectives:
Provide information on the diabetes epidemic in the Americas Present data on the increased risk for CVD among people with diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean Multi country data, SABE, CAMDI Rationale for the primary prevention of diabetes and its implication for health policy

The Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes is reaching epidemic proportion

Diabetes in the World: WHO Projections
Millions

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1985 1995 2005 2015 2025

Estimated prevalence of diabetes in the Americas, 2000-2025
PREVALENCE 31 40 41- 50 51- 60 61- 82 83-122

2000: 35 million

2025: 64 Million
Reference: King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH Global Burden of Diabetes, 1995-2025 Diabetes Care 1998;21:1414-1431

Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in the US, BRFSS, 19931994

4

46

6

Mohkdad, JAMA 2001

Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in the US, BRFSS, 1999

4
Mohkdad, JAMA 2001

46

6

Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in the
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